HUMAN NERVOUS AND

SENSORY SYSTEM
STANDAR OF COMPETENCE
TO RELATE THE STRUCTURE AND
FUNCTION OF THE ORGAN SYSTEM IN
HUMAN AND VERTEBRATES TO THE
ENVIRONMENT, TECHNOLOGY AND
SOCIETY

BASIC OF COMPETENCE
To describe of the human nervous system and sense
organs of human and their connection with health

INDICATOR
* To compare the types of organs made up of
nervous system
* To describe the function of : brain, spinal cord, and
nerve cell in the integrated system

SPECIFIC INSTRUCTIONAL
1. Mention the function of nervous system
2. Mention the parts of nerve cell ( neurones )
3. Explain the function of parts of neurones
4. Mention three types of neurones based on its function
5. Mention three types of neurones based on amount of
cytoplasmic branch that come out from body cell
6. Mention the parts of human nervous system
7. Explain the function of parts of the brain
8. Explain the function of the spinal cord

COMPLETE THE CONCEPT BELOW

Nerves Tissue

Consist of
Neuron

Neuroglia

Part Of Neuron Structure

Axon

Unipolar

Dendrit

Cell
body

Bipolar

Can be besed on deferenteated

Nucleus

Multipolar

Cytoplasmic
Branch

Sensory

Motor

Function

Interneuron

NERVES CELL / NEURONES

1. DENDRITES

5. MYELIN SHEAT

2. CELL BODY

6. SCHWANN CELLS

3. NUCLEUS

7. NODE OF RANVIER

4. AXON

Srtucture of neuron and the direction of nerve

message transmission

NO.

PART OF NEURON

FUNCTION

DENDRITES

CELL BODY

NUCLEUS

Control the activities of the cell

AXON

Conducts messages away from the cell body

MYELIN SHEAT

SCHWANN CELL

NODES OF RANVIER

Receives information from another cell and

transmit the message to the cell body
Contain the nucleus, mitochondria and
other organelles

A layer of fatty substances that enclosed

some axon
Serve as supportive, nutritive, and service
facilities for neurons
Help to speed up the transmission of
impulses along the fiber

The

Neuron consists of 3 types :

1. The sensory nerves

The sensory nerves is the nerve cell has
function the transmit impulses from sense
organs or receptor to brain and spinal cord.
2. Motor neurons.
Motor neuron has function transmit impulses from
central nervous system to muscle and glands.
3. Intermediate nerves cell
The Intermediate nerves cell has function as
connection between sensory nerves cell and motor
nerves cell. Are found only in the central nervous
system

Motor Neurone
(Efferent Neuron):

Motor neurons have a long axon and short

dendrites and transmit messages from the
central nervous system to the muscles (or
to glands).

Sensory Neurone
(Afferent Neuron):

Sensory neurons typically have a long dendrite

and short axon, and carry messages from
sensory receptors to the central nervous system.

Interneuron
(relay neurone):

Interneurons are found in the central nervous

system where they connect neuron to neuron.

HUMAN NERVES SYSTEM

Cerebrum
Brain
Central Nerves

Cerebellum
Medula Oblongata

System (CNS)
Spinal Cord
NERVES

Cranial
Somatic

SYSTEM

Spinal

Peripheral Nerves
System (PNS)

Autonomic

Sympathetic
Parasympathetic

Organisation of nervous system in humans

Part Of Brain

Bag. Ubun-ubun, pusat

berbicara, rasa dingin, panas,
sakit

Bag. Dahi, pusat

berpikir

Bag. Belakang kepala,

pusat penglihatan

Mengatur sikap dan posisi tubuh,

keseimbangan kerja otot dan rangka,
megatur koordinasi gerakan otot

Bag. Pelipis, pusat berbicara,

pendengaran

THE MAJOR BRAIN AREAS AND LOBES

FUNCTIONAL AREAS OF THE BRAIN

Different part of cerebrum have

different functions

THE BRAIN
- The nerves in the brain are protected by three layers of
membranes (dura matter, arachnoid, and pia meter)
called meninges
- The brain consist of several parts with special functions,
such as the cerebrum, cerebellum and medula
oblongata
1.The Cerebrum
- Each hemisphere of the cerebrum divided into four
lobes: frontal, parietal, temporal and occipital lobes
- In it are lodged areas for the voluntary movement of the
skeletal muscle and interpretation of sensation
- The cerebrum is responsible for consciousness

2. THE CEREBELLUM
- The cerebellum consists of two deeply-convoluted
hemispheres.
- It has function to coordinate body movement
- The cerebellum to be center for learning motor skills implicit
memory

3. THE MEDULLA OBLONGATA

- The medulla oblongata contains vital centers for
controling heartbeats, breathing, blood pressure, reflexes
such as vomiting, coughing, sneezing and so on.

THE SPINAL CORD

-

The spinal cord connects the brain and spinal nerves.

The function of spinal cord :

1. It connect a large part of the peripheral nervous
system to the brain.
* Information (nerve impulses) reaching the spinal
cord through sensory neurons are transmitted up into
the brain.
* Sigmals arising in the motor areas of the brain travel
back down the spinal cord and leave in the motor
neurons

2. It also acts as a minor coordinating center responsible

for some simple reflexes like the withdrawal reflex

Spinal cord

Components of a reflex arc

Scheme of reflex movement.

Impuls

Muscle

Receptor

Motor neuron

Sensory neuron

Interneuron

Scheme of common movement

Impuls

Muscle

Receptor

Motor neuron

Sensory neuron

Brain

SOMATIC NERVOUS SYSTEM

1. The Cranial Nerves consist of 12 pairs
2. The spinal nerves, are made up of 31 pairs, which
consist of 7 pair of cervical nerves, 5 pairs of
lumbar nerves, 5 pairs of sacral nerves, and 2
pairs of cocygeal nerves
A pair spinal nerves leaves the spinal cord at each
segment of the columna vertebra

AUTONOMIC NERVOUS SYSTEM

The autonomic nerves system helps control the heart
rate, blood pressure, digestion, respiration and
other body functions through a series complex reflex
actions

- The sympathetic nerves come from the thorax and

lumbar regions of spinal cord
- The parasypathetic nerves come from the cranial
and sacral regions of the central nerves system

2. Unconscious Nervous
System