N L 10
hD
Nu
where,
k
Vmax D
Re max
Table (1) : Constants for Grimisons correlation for flow over a tube
bank of 10 or more rows
1
.
13
C
Re
Pr
...( 2)
becomes 1
max
N L 10
Nu N
L 10
C 2 Nu N
L 10
... 3
m VA
V ST 1 Vmax ST D
Vmax
ST
V
ST D
ST D
ST D
A1
1
2
2
A2
S
2
T
SL
D 1
4
If A1 < A2:
ST
ST D
V
1 Vmax
1
2
2
Vmax
ST
V
ST D
If A2 < A1:
ST
V
1 Vmax
2
S
2
T
SL
D 1
4
Vmax
ST 2
Vmax
S
S
D
4
2
L
2
T
1
SL
1 4
ST
D
2
ST
Zukauskas correlation:
More recent results have been obtained, and
Zukauskas
has
proposed
the
following
correlation for the heat transfer coefficient for
flow across tube bundles:
14
Nu C Re
m
max
Pr
0.36
Pr
Prw
...(4)
N L 20
1000 Re max 2 10
0.7 Pr 500
16
13
10
NL
0.9 0.98 0.97 0.95 0.9 0.90 0.8 0.80 0.7 Aligned
9
2
6
0
0.9 0.98 0.97 0.95 0.9 0.89 0.8 0.76 0.6 Stagger
9
2
4
4 ed
Table (4): Correction factor C2 for NL < 20 , Re > 103
Tlm
Tw Ti Tw To
Tw Ti
ln
Tw To
To Ti
Tw Ti
ln
Tw To
Tw To
e
Tw Ti
DN h
VN T ST c p
Q bank N h DL Tlm
plane
tubes
Vmax
f
p N L
2
Example:
Pressurized water is used for space heating or
industrial process applications. In such cases it
is customary to use a tube bundle heat
exchanger in which the water is passed through
the tubes, while air is passed in cross flow over
the tubes. Consider a staggered arrangement
for which the tube outside diameter is 16.4 mm
and the longitudinal and transverse pitches are
34.3 mm and 31.3 mm respectively. There are
seven rows of tubes in the airflow direction and
eight tubes per row. The tube surface
temperature is at 70oC, while the air upstream
temperature and velocity are 15oC and 6 m/s,
respectively. Determine:
a) The air-side average heat transfer coefficient
(using Zukauskas
7.45 10 m
cAp1 =
2
2
2 air at T = 70oC, Pr = 0.701.
For
w
S
A2
S 2L
D 1
For
4 air at Tf = (Tw + Ti )/2 =(70 + 15)/2
T
= 42.5oC, Pr = 0.705
0.0343
2
0.0313
4
0.0164 21.3 10 3 m 2
Vmax
ST
0.0313
V
6 12.6 m / s
ST D
0.0313 0.0164
Re max
13,943
6
14.82 10
C 0.35 ST S L
Nu N L 20
15
C Re max Pr
Prw
0.34 13,943
0.6
0.71
0.36
0.71
0.701
0.25
92.46
Nu N
L 7
C 2 Nu N
L 20
k
0.0253
h Nu N L 7 87.84
135.5 W / m 2 . K
D
0.0164
From the equation:
Tw To
e
Tw Ti
DN h
VN T ST c p
To Tw Tw Ti e
DN h
VN T ST c p
0.016456135.5
1.217680.03131007
To 70 70 15 e
25.5o C
To Ti
25.5 15
Tlm
49.6o C
Tw Ti
70 15
ln
ln
70 25.5
Tw To
Q bank N h DL Tlm
2
Vmax
f
p N L
2
f
p N L
2
1.217 12.6 2
0.35 246 Pa
7 1.04