DELHI

Population 13 m
Vehicles: 2 - 2.5 m
70 percent motorcycles
15 - 20 thousand buses

~ 50 percent trips walking/bicycling

60 percent of motorised trips by bus
Ideal situation?

IIT Delhi
Complex traffic

IIT Delhi
 CURRENT POLICIES
Taxis >8 Years to be phased out by 2001-03-31 ?
All three wheeled taxis on CNG/4stroke ?
Premixed 2T oil with petrol for 2-stroke engines
More stringent emission norms (cars) and 4 stroke
engines for motrocycles/scooters
Lead free and low sulphur fuel
MRTS implementation underway ?
Flyovers and expressways ?
All buses on CNG ?

IIT Delhi
Comparison of CO emissions under various scenarios of bus fuels

50
40

CO (kg/hr)
30
20 No shift from buses
10
0
Vikas Marg NanakPura AIIMS
Location

Current All CNG All Euro II Mix CNG-Euro-II

60
50

40
CO(kg/hr)

30
20
!0% shift from
buses to 2-wheelers
10
0
Vikas Marg NanakPura AIIMS
Location

Current CNG+10% shift All Euro II Mix CNG-Euro-II

IIT Delhi 2002

Comparison of PM emissions under various scenarios of bus fuels
1.6
1.4
1.2

PM(kg/hr)
1
0.8
0.6
0.4 No shift from buses
0.2
0

Vikas Marg NanakPura AIIMS

Location
Current All CNG All Euro II Mix CNG-Euro-II

1.8
1.6
1.4
1.2
PM(kg/hr)

1
0.8
0.6 !5% shift from
0.4 buses to 2-wheelers
0.2
0
Vikas Marg NanakPura AIIMS
Location

Current CNG + 15% shift All Euro II Mix CNG-Euro-II

IIT Delhi 2002

Proportion of trips and road accident fatalities for
different road users in Delhi (1994)
Percent
45
40
35
30
25
20
15
10
5
0
Car/Taxi Bus MTW Bicycle Pedestrian
Trips Fatalities

IIT Delhi
 Public transport Issues
Marginal cost of a 20 km trip on a motorcycle -
US$ 0.35
Affordable bus cost for US$ 0.35 round trip per
passenger without subsidy - US$ 10,000

New diesel bus in India - US$ 30,000

New CNG bus in India - US$ 40,000
International buses >> US$ 100,000
IF MRTS AND BUS FARES ARE HIGHER THAN
EXPENSE ON MOTORCYCLE USE, POLLUTION,
ACCIDENTS AND INJURY MAY INCREASE

IIT Delhi
SUSTAINABLE URBAN TRANSPORT

Conflicts in the bus lane

IIT Delhi
 PLANNING FOR SUSTAINABLE
PUBLIC TRANSPORT
Promotion of public transport only possible if
pedestrians and bicyclists safer
Designs of bus stands and vehicles for safe entry
and exit
Role of street hawkers and vendors to be
integrated in road design
Provision of segregated bicycle lanes on all
arterial roads otherwise bus operation inefficient
Wider use of traffic calming techniques
Convenient bus stop locations
Development of safer bus front designs and
standards

IIT Delhi
 ROLE OF INDIGENOUS AND SMALL
VEHICLES

Vehicles like these could be the most efficient urban taxis

in the future

IIT Delhi
 TST ADVANTAGES
PARKING
Reduction in parking space
private vehicle needs two parking spots – one at home
and one at destination
A taxi needs one parking place at night and a few for
picking up and dropping off passengers in the daytime.
Shadow area:
 Car - 5 – 8 sq m  TST - 2.25 sq m

IIT Delhi 2002

 TST ADVANTAGES
Road use

At similar urban speeds TSTs occupy ½ the road

space that a car
Reduction in road congestion

 Car  TST

IIT Delhi 2002

 TST ADVANTAGES
Energy Use

TSTs have much smaller engines than cars,

therefore energy consumption is much less

 Car - 8 – 18 km/l  TST - 25-35 km/l

IIT Delhi 2002

 TST ADVANTAGES
Pollution

TSTs have much smaller engines than cars,

therefore pollution is much less

Car TST
 CO - 24g/km  CO - 12g/km
 SO2 - 0.05g/km  SO2 - 0.03g/km

IIT Delhi 2002

 TST ADVANTAGES
Wear and tear of road and tyres

Cars are at least three times heavier than cars

1 car produces as much damage to road as three TSTs
Rubber pollution from tyres for cars >> TSTs
Waste disposal from cars >> TSTs
 Car - > 1000 kg  TST - 300 kg

IIT Delhi 2002

 INSTITUTIONAL

Training programmes for professionals

Establishment of regional research centres
Transportation information clearing house
Induction of professionally trained personnel in
national and multilateral aid agencies
Establishment of transportation planning road
& safety departments in transportation & urban
ministries
Establishment of multidisciplinary groups in
universities

IIT Delhi