December 2004
Agenda
Model Calibration Experience
Model Calibration Process
Model Calibration Analysis
December 2004
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December 2004
December 2004
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December 2004
Drive Route
Definition
Site Selection
CW Survey
Campaign
Data Post
Processing
Data
Data
Validation
Validation
Calibration
NO
YES
Report
Pass
Model?
December 2004
Make sure calibrated model corresponds well with the collected data data is essential.
Provide cost efficient Nominal Plan
December 2004
Site Selection
Ease of access
Nothing unusual, we are characterising the majority of the network not the
minority
December 2004
Distance
Clutter
Roads
Miscellaneous
Do not plan a map along the roads with ground height above the
transmitter antenna. Okumura- Hata model cant model this.
Good balance between measurements taken in LOS and NLOS situations
Do not plan a route across a big water surface, if site is on the one side of
the lake, do not drive other lake side
December 2004
CW Measurements
Spectrum clearance
During CW survey allocated test frequency shouldnt be use for other purposes
Equipment configuration
RF Signals
Accurate Radiated Power setting, EiRP should be greater than 40dBm
Raw/Averaged data
Directional antenna can be used but in postproccessing everything beyond 3dBm should be dismissed
Driving
Distance/Time triggering
Omni Antenna
with Transmitter
attached through
feeder.
In Vehicle,
Receive
equipment
attached to roof
mounted
antenna
December 2004
December 2004
December 2004
December 2004
30000x40=198km or
December 2004
Averaged Measurements post processing involves simple conversion into Signia format supported by
Enterprise
Signia data file ( .dat ) contains longitude, latitude (decimal degrees) and received level (dBm)
Every data file must have header file with identical name but with extension .hd.
Header file must have antenna type (identical name to one in Asset3g), Tx power, Tx antenna height,
coordinates.
It is common practice to include all gains and losses under Tx power value and leave other fields relevant to
gain/losses in the header blank. Therefore in a Tx field usually is put:
It is important to get the projection system correctly so collected samples are lined up with the vectors in map
data. If vectors are not aligned with measurements, during post process this should be adjusted.
December 2004
CW Data Validation
December 2004
Data filtering
Filter clutter types that have less than 500 bins. Clutter offsets or them
will be estimated later in the model tuning process.
Filter out any file which shows extreme in signal level.
Unusually high signal level at far distance can be caused by reflection
over big water surface, or driving along route which is higher than
antenna.
Unusually weak signal level can be caused by driving behind
blocking object.
Okumura Hata cant model above situations, therefore these data
must be filtered out.
With careful route planning filtering can be avoided.
Having more than one file per site makes filtering during post
processing much easier
December 2004
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December 2004
Okumura-Hata
It is semi-empirical model.
Limitations:
Up to 2GHz
December 2004
Okumura-Hata in Asset
December 2004
Asset improvements
Through Clutter Loss takes into the account clutter profile along
distance d from mobile station to base station.
December 2004
Through clutter losses are linearly weighted. The clutter nearest the
mobile station has the highest effect.
December 2004
There must be project set up (map data, antennas, sites, propagation model)
in order to start tuning
Load CW data
Make appropriate filtering, usually:
-110dBm to -40dBm
125m to 10000
December 2004
CW Window
3g/Asset-Tools-Model Tuning
December 2004
Model setting
Tools-Model Tuning-Options
December 2004
Filter seting
Tools-Model Tuning-Options-Filter
December 2004
Auto Tune
Set up deltas
Click fix box next to the k factor you
dont want to tune
Wait for results
You can apply new parameters by
clicking apply new parameters
December 2004
K parameters
Above step can be easily fulfil by determining the delta range under
Auto tune window
December 2004
Default K parameters
December 2004
If model is not good close to the site, for example up to 700m, auto
tune the model from 700m to 10k. Apply found k parameters.
Tune model again with k5,k6 and k7 locked and filter out distances
above 700m.
December 2004
Clutter offset
Water will have the smallest offset while building and forest the
highest.
December 2004
Adjusting ME
December 2004
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December 2004
Model analyses
-1 < ME < 1
SD < 8
December 2004
December 2004
December 2004
Mean
Error
Standard Deviation
Actual
Calibration whole
range
80260
6.8
125~250
1030
-0.5
8.1
250~500
2899
-1.1
500~1km
8700
-1.4
7.7
1km~2km
19351
-0.1
7.4
2km~4km
29598
0.9
6.6
4km~8km
17791
-0.4
5.4
8km~16km
891
-1.6
5.2
December 2004
December 2004
No. of
Bins
Mean
Error
Standard
Deviation Actual
10668
-1
6.1
125~250
53
4.3
5.6
250~500
368
0.4
7.5
500~1km
1153
-2.7
7.3
1km~2km
2324
-1.5
6.3
2km~4km
4383
0.4
5.9
4km~8km
2343
-2.4
5.1
8km~16km
44
-2.4
4.1
December 2004
December 2004
Mean
Error
6354
0.1
6.4
125~250
95
11.6
5.2
250~500
42
2.7
5.7
500~1km
252
-1.8
7.7
1km~2km
1620
-0.9
6.3
2km~4km
3228
6.4
4km~8km
1041
-1.6
4.8
8km~16km
76
-2.9
3.8
Banawa site
Calibration whole
range
Standard
Deviation
Actual
December 2004
December 2004