ELURU COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING &

TECHNOLOGY
N.ASWINI
1ST MBA
ROLL NO:14JD1E0036


IBM
INTRODUCTION
TheInternational
Business Machines Corporation(commonly referred to

asIBM) is anAmericanmultinationaltechnology and consultingcorporation,

with headquarters inArmonk, New York. IBM manufactures and markets
computerhardwareandsoftware, and
offersinfrastructure,hostingandconsulting servicesin areas ranging
frommainframe computerstonanotechnology.
The company originated in 1911 as theComputing-Tabulating-Recording
Company(CTR) through a merger of theTabulating Machine Company,
theInternational Time Recording Company, and the Computing Scale
Company.CTR was changed to "International Business Machines" in 1924,
using a name which had originated with CTR's Canadian subsidiary. The
initialismIBMfollowed. Securities analysts nicknamed the companyBig
Bluefor its size and common use of the color in products, packaging, and
logo.
IBM has constantly evolved since its inception. Over the past decade, it has
steadily shifted itsbusiness mixby exitingcommoditizing markets such
asPCs,hard disk drivesandDRAMsand focusing on higher-value, more
profitable markets such asbusiness intelligence,data analytics,business
continuity, security,cloud computing,virtualizationand green
solutions,resulting in a higher quality revenue stream and higher profit
margins. IBM's operating margin expanded from 16.8% in 2004 to 24.3% in
2013, and net profit margins expanded from 9.0% in 2004 to 16.5% in 2013.

In the 1880s, three technologies emerged that would ultimately form the core of
HISTORY

what would become International Business Machines (IBM). Julius E. Pitrat

patented the computing scale in 1885;Alexander Dey invented the dial recorder
(1888);andHerman Hollerithpatented theElectric Tabulating Machine andWillard
Bundyinvented a time clock to record a worker's arrival and departure time on a
paper tape in 1889.
On June 16, 1911, these technologies and their respective companies were
merged byCharles Ranlett Flintto form theComputing-Tabulating-Recording
Company.TheNew York City-based company had 1,300 employees and offices and
plants in Endicott and Binghamton, New York; Dayton, Ohio; Detroit, Michigan;
Washington, D.C.; and Toronto, Ontario. It manufactured and sold machinery
ranging from commercial scales and industrial time recorders to meat and cheese
slicers, along with tabulators and punched cards.
Flint recruitedThomas J. Watson, Sr., formerly of theNational Cash Register
Company, to help lead the company in 1914.Watson implemented "generous sales
incentives, a focus on customer service, an insistence on well-groomed, darksuited salesmen and an evangelical fervor for instilling company pride and loyalty
in every worker".His favorite slogan, "THINK", became a mantra for C-T-R's
employees, and within 11 months of joining C-T-R, Watson became its
president..The company focused on providing large-scale, custom-built tabulating
solutions for businesses, leaving the market for small office products to others.
During Watson's first four years, revenues more than doubled to $9 million and the
company's operations expanded to Europe, South America, Asia, and Australia.

Ginni Rometty
is Chairman, President and Chief Executive Officer of IBM. Mrs.
COMPANY
CEO

Rometty was appointed President and CEO effective January 1, 2012. She
became Chairman of the Board of Directors on October 1, 2012.
Mrs. Rometty began her career with IBM in 1981 in Detroit, Michigan. Since then
she has held a series of leadership positions in IBM, most recently as Senior Vice
President and Group Executive, IBM Sales, Marketing and Strategy. In this role,
she was responsible for business results in the 170 global markets in which IBM
operates and pioneered IBM's rapid expansion in the emerging economies of the
world.
Prior to this, Mrs. Rometty served as Senior Vice President, IBM Global Business
Services, where she led the successful integration of PricewaterhouseCoopers
Consulting. This acquisition was the largest in professional services history,
creating a global team of more than 100,000 business consultants and services
experts. In recognition of her leadership in the professional services industry,
Mrs. Rometty was honored with the Carl Sloane Award 2006, given by the
Association of Management Consulting Firms.
In prior leadership roles, Mrs. Rometty served as general manager of IBM Global
Services, Americas, as well as general manager of IBM's Global Insurance and
Financial Services Sector.
Mrs. Rometty serves on the Council on Foreign Relations; the Board of Trustees of
Northwestern University; and the Board of Overseers and Board of Managers of
Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center.
She holds a Bachelor of Science degree with high honors in computer science
and electrical engineering from Northwestern University.

Board of directors of company

William R. Brody, 71
Kenneth I. Chenault, 63
Michael L. Eskew, 65
David N. Farr, 60
Alex Gorsky, 54
Shirley Ann Jackson, 68
W. James McNerney, Jr., 65

Awards
IBM

Employment Rankings & Awards

Global
North America
Europe
Japan
Asia Pacific
India
Latin America
Central & Eastern Europe, Middle East & Africa
Universum Rankings

Over the 100 years of

Responsibility
reports
IBMs existence, we have developed and refined a

thoughtful and comprehensive approach to corporate citizenship that we believe

aligns with IBMs values and maximizes the positive impact of which we, as a
global enterprise, are capable. We do this in four ways:
We identify and act upon new opportunities to apply our technology and expertise
to societal problems.
We scale our existing programs and initiatives to achieve maximum benefit
We empower our employees and others to serve their communities.
We integrate corporate citizenship and social responsibility into every aspect of
our company.
We focus our community engagement and corporate service programs on specific
societal issues, including the environment, community economic development,
education, health, literacy, language and culture. These are areas of urgent
societal needs where we can apply IBMs technology and talent to solve problems,
rather than simply making cash donations. We believe that direct action and
collaboration, not spare change, are the path to real change.
In all of our community service efforts, we aim to provide leadership, and we insist
on excellence. Whether its using voice recognition technology to help children
learn to read or cloud computing to make disaster relief tools available instantly to
recovery workers, we expect to effect widespread positive change. And we work
closely with highly qualified partners who are deeply committed to the same
outcomes. This is our approach to stakeholder engagement: to collaborate with
leading organizations to evolve meaningful and sustainable solutions.