The Cell as the Fundamental

Unit of Life: The Structure

and Function of Cellular
Organelles

 The cell is the smallest unit of

life.
All organisms are composed one
or more cells.
New cells arise from previously
existing cells.

Basic Cell Structure

Each cell has four common components:
1. Plasma membrane
2. Region containing DNA
3. Cytoplasm
4. Biochemical molecules & biochemical
pathways

Cells
Two fundamental types:
Prokaryotic
No Nucleus
No organelles
Small 100nm-5um
Eukaryotic
True Nucleus
Membrane bound
organelles
10-100um
Some are larger

Classification
Five kingdom system:
Monera

Protista

Plantae

Fungi

Animalia

Plantae

Fungi

Animalia

Six kingdom system:

Eubacteria

Archaebacteria

Protista

Three domain system:

Eubacteria

Archaebacteria

Protista

Archaebacteria

Chromista

Eubacteria

Archezoa

Eight kingdom system:

Plantae

Fungi

Animalia

Three Lineages
of Life:
Domain Bacteria
Kingdom
Eubacteria
Eubacteria

Archaebacteria

Protista

Plantae

Fungi

Prokaryotes:
No true nucleus
No membrane-bound organelles
Cell Wall composed of peptidoglycan
Reproduce asexually by budding and fission
Very small (1 - 10 m)

Animalia

Kingdom Archaebacteria
Eubacteria

Archaebacteria

Protista

Plantae

Fungi

Animalia

Prokaryotes:
No true nucleus
No membrane-bound organelles like
mitochondria or chloroplasts
NO peptidoglycan in cell wall
Reproduce asexually by budding and fission
Very small (1 - 10 m)
Extreme environments (high temperatures)

Prokaryotic
Cells

Eukaryotes
Eubacteria

Archaebacteria

Protista

Plantae

Fungi

Eukaryotes:
True nucleus
Membrane-bound organelles
Cell size generally 10 - 100 m
At least 4 lineages:
Protista, Plantae, Fungi, Animalia

Animalia

Eukaryotic Cells

Typical Animal
Cell

The
Cytoplasm

Plasma Membrane
Fluid mosaic model:
Working model of the membrane
Protein
molecules bobbing in phospholipid sea Proteins
determine membranes specific functions

Plasma Membrane

Structure of the Cell Membrane

Phospholipids
Most abundant lipid
Polar/hydrophilic head(attracted to water)
Pair of nonpolar/hydrophobic tails(repelled by water)

Hydrophilic
head
Hydrophobic
tails

Phospholipid bilayer:
Polar heads, outside & inside
Nonpolar tails in the interior
Cell Membranes

The Nucleus

The
Nucleus

The Endoplasmic
Reticulum
Rough and
Smooth ER

Ribosomes

Mitochondrion

The Golgi Complex

Functioning of the Golgi

Complex

Lysosome Function

Cytoskeleton

Cytoskeleton

Cillia & Flagella- 9x2 arrangement

0.1 micrometer

Flagellum

Flagellar
Movement

Ciliated
Epithelium
mucus

ciliated surface

nuclei

Ciliary Movement

Ameboid Movement
Ex. WBC

Typical Plant Cell

Typical Plant
Cell

Cell Walls

Chloroplasts

INQUIRY

1. Which kingdom do bacteria belong?

2. What is the difference between prokaryotic and
eukaryotic?
3. Compare a plant and animal cell.
4. What is the function of:
Mitochondria
Nucleus
Golgi apparatus
Lysozome
Ribosomes

Smooth and rough ER

Cellular Visions: The inner life of a cell (video)

http://www.studiodaily.com/main/searchlist/6850.html