NETWORK COMPONENTS

AUTHENTICATION PROCESS
HLR

VLR

AUC
Ki, A3, A8
A3 ( RAND, Ki ) = SRES
A8 ( RAND, Ki ) = Kc
Triples
Generated

MS
A3 , A8 , A5 , Ki
RAND

TRIPLES
RAND, Kc , SRES
SRES

RAND Kc SRES

SRES =
A3 (RAND , Ki )

SRES
SRES = SRES
BTS
A5 ,
HYPERFRAME NUM
Kc

AIR INTERFACE
ENCRYPTION

Kc =
A8 (RAND , Ki )

NETWORK COMPONENTS
Base Station Sub-System ( BSS ) :
The BSS is the fixed end of the radio interface that provides control
and radio coverage functions for one or more cells and their
associated MSs.
It is the interface between the MS and the MSC.
The BSS comprises one or more Base Transceiver Stations (BTSs),
each containing the radio components that communicate with MSs in
a given area, and a Base Site Controller (BSC) which supports call
processing functions and the interfaces to the MSC.
Digital radio techniques are used for the radio communications link,
known as the Air Interface, between the BSS and the MS.
The BSS consists of three basic Network Elements (NEs).
Transcoder (XCDR) or Remote transcoder (RXCDR) .
Base Station Controller (BSC).
Base Transceiver Stations (BTSs) assigned to the BSC. .

NETWORK COMPONENTS
Transcoder( XCDR )
The speech transcoder is the interface between the 64 kbit/s PCM
channel in the land network and the 13 kbit/s vocoder (actually 22.8
kbit/s after channel coding) channel used on the Air Interface.
This reduces the amount of information carried on the Air Interface and
hence, its bandwidth.
If the 64 kbits/s PCM is transmitted on the air interface without
occupation, it would occupy an excessive amount of radio bandwidth.
This would use the available radio spectrum inefficiently.
The required bandwidth is therefore reduced by processing the 64
kbits/s PCM data so that the amount of information required to transmit
digitized voice falls to 13kb/s.
The XCDR can multiplex 4 traffic channels into a single 64 kbit/s
timeslot. Thus a E1/T1 serial link can carry 4 times as many channels.
This can reduce the number of E1/T1 leased lines required to connect
remotely located equipment.
When the transcoder is between the MSC and the BSC it is called a
remote transcoder (RXCDR).

NETWORK COMPONENTS
TRANSCODER(XCDR) - Siemens

NETWORK COMPONENTS
TRANSCODING
30 Timeslots
1 traffic channel / TS
64 Kbps / TS
4 E1 lines = 30 X 4
=120 Timeslots

MSC

Each Timeslot =16 X 4

= 64 Kb/s
30 timeslots = 30 x 4
=120 traffic channels

XCDR

BSC

Transcoded information from four calls

16

31

NETWORK COMPONENTS
Base Station Controller (BSC)
The BSC network element provides the control for the BSS.
It controls and manages the associated BTSs, and interfaces with
the Operations and Maintenance Centre (OMC).
The purpose of the BSC is to perform a variety of functions. The
following comprise the functions provided by the BSC:
Controls the BTS components. Performs Call Processing.
Performs Operations and Maintenance (O & M).
Provides the O & M link (OML) between the BSS and the OMC.
Provides the A Interface between the BSS and the MSC.
Manages the radio channels.
Transfers signalling information to and from MSs.

NETWORK COMPONENTS
Base Station Controller (BSC) Siemens BSC