Civil Disobedience

Movement

Introduction
* Civil disobedienceis the active, professed

refusal toobeycertain laws, demands, or

commands of a government.
* Civil disobedience is sometimes, though not
always,defined as beingnonviolent resistance.

Main Features
*Gandhiji led a march on foot from Sabarmati to

Dandi. He broke the Salt Law at Dandi and

inaugurated the Movement.
*Followed by an entourage of seventy nine
Ashramites.
*On 6th April 1930, Gandhi with the
accompaniment of seventy nine satyagrahis,
violated the Salt Law by picking up a fistful of
salt lying on the sea shore. They manually made
salt on the shores of Dandi.

Effects
* The program of the Civil Disobedience

Movement incorporated besides the breaking of

the Salt Laws, picketing of shops selling foreign
goods and liquor, bonfire of cloth, refusal to
pay taxes and avoidance of offices by the
public officers and schools by the students.
* Even the women joined forces against the
British.

Social Groups Participated in

the movement
* Rich Peasants- Depression and fall in prices

affected them badly. They demanded reduction

in land revenue.
* Poor peasants- Depression affected them badly.
They demanded reduction in rent.
* Business Class- They demanded protection
against the import of foreign goods.
* Industrial Workers- They were poorly paid.
Conditions of work were miserable.

Gandhi-Irwin Pact
* In the March of 1930, Gandhi met with the

Viceroy, Lord Irwin and signed an agreement

known as the Gandhi-Irwin Pact.
* The two main clauses of the pact entailed;
Congress participation in the Round Table
Conference and cessation of The Civil
Disobedience Movement.
* The Government of India
released all satyagrahis from
prison.

Renewal of the Civil

Disobedience Movement
* Gandhi attended The Second Round Table

Conference in London accompanied by Smt.

Sarojini Naidu.
* At this Conference, it was claimed by Mahatma
Gandhi that the Congress represented more
than eighty five per cent of the Indian
population.
* Gandhi's claim was not endorsed by the British
and also the Muslim representative.

Renewal of the Civil

Disobedience Movement
* The Congress Working Committee took the

decision to restart The Civil Disobedience

Movement, as the British government was not
prepared to relent.
* Gandhi resumed the movement in January 1932
and appealed to the entire nation to join in.

Renewal of the Civil

Disobedience Movement
* The police was given the power to arrest any

person, even on the basis of mere suspicion.

* Sardar Patel, the President of Congress and
Gandhi were arrested, along with other
Congressmen.
* Gandhi commenced his twenty one days of fast
on May 8th, 1933, to make amends for the sins
committed against the untouchables by the
caste Hindus.

Renewal of the Civil

Disobedience Movement
* The Civil Disobedience Movement was

suspended, when Mahatma Gandhi withdrew

mass satyagraha on July 14th 1933. The
movement ceased completely on April 7th
1934.

Aims
* Civil Disobedience Movement was the first

struggle to win Poorna Swaraj or Complete

Independence.
* It was based on non violent Satyagraha.
Gandhian ideas were widely followed.
* It was an open challenge to the British rule.
The people openly disobeyed laws.

Conclusion
* Although The Civil Disobedience Movement

failed to achieve any positive outcome, it was

an important juncture in the history of Indian
independence.
* Satyagraha was put on a firm footing through
its large scale usage in the movement.
* The leadership of Mahatma Gandhi had a
beneficial impact.

Conclusion
* The warring factions within the Congress

united under the aegis of The Civil

Disobedience Movement, led by Mahatma
Gandhi.
* Last but not the least India rediscovered its
inherent strength and confidence to crusade
against the British for its freedom.

Thank You