Anda di halaman 1dari 9

TOLERANCE

LIMIT
Jodie Anne Ferrer

What is Tolerance Limit

A confidence interval covers a population parameter with a stated


confidence, that is, a certain proportion of the time. There is also a way to
cover a fixed proportion of the population with a stated confidence. Such
an interval is called a tolerance interval. The endpoints of a tolerance
interval are called tolerance limits. An application of tolerance intervals to
manufacturing involves comparing specification limits prescribed by the
client with tolerance limits that cover a specified proportion of the
population.

(http://www.itl.nist.gov/div898/handbook/prc/section2/prc263.htm )

In quality control, the limiting values between which


measurements must lie if an article is to be acceptable, as
distinct from confidence limits.

Difference between confidence


and tolerance intervals

Confidence limits are limits within which


we expect a given population parameter,
such as the mean, to lie. Statistical
tolerance limits are limits within which we
expect a stated proportion of the
population to lie.

Why Use Tolerance Limits for


ProcessWhy Use Tolerance Limits for
Process Qualification?

Provides a statement of confidence and reliability Provides a


statement of confidence and reliability about the process
about the process
Accounts for uncertainty due to sample size Accounts for
uncertainty due to sample size
Allows comparison of the practical process Allows
comparison of the practical process boundaries to the design
specification boundaries to the design specification
Using Cpk for process qualification is flawed due to Using
Cpk for process qualification is flawed due to the relatively
small sample sizes used and the lack of the relatively small
sample sizes used and the lack of sufficient process data to
establish that the process sufficient process data to establish
that the process data is in statistical control data is in
statistical control

Example 1

For the computation, assume that all are


normal distribution. The sample mean
and standard deviation for the given data
are 1.0056 and 0.0246. Find the 99%
tolerance limits that will contain 95% of
the metal pieces produced by this
machine.

Solutio
n 1:

From the table for n=9, 1-=0.99, and 1-=0.95, we find k=


4.550 for two-sided limits. Hence, the 99% tolerance limits
are given by

X + ks
= 1.0056 +/- (4.550)(0.0246)

With the bounds being 0.8937 and 1.1175. we are 99%


confident that the tolerance interval from 0.8937 to 1.1175
will contain the central 95% of the distribution of the
diameters produced.

Example
2:

Ten washers are selected at random from a population


that can be described by a normal distribution. The
measured thicknesses, in inches, are:
.123

.132

.124

.123

.126

.126

.129

.129

.120

.128

Establish an interval that contains at least 90% of the


population of washer thicknesses with 95% confidence.

From the sample data


X .1260

and S 0.00359
The K value can be found on Tolerance
Limits TableTwo-Sided with gamma 95 and 99 and n=2 to 27.
K 2 K 10,0.90,0.95
2.829

so that

LTL X K 2 S
0.1260 2.829 0.00359

0.116
UTL X K 2 S
0.1260 2.839 0.00359

0.136
Therefore, with 95% confidence at least 90%
of the population of washer thicknesses, in
inches, will be contained in the interval
(0.116,0.136).

Anda mungkin juga menyukai