Filsafat ilmu

STRUKTUR PENGKAJIAN ILMIAH

METODE ILMIAH PENELITIAN ILMIAH

PENGAJUAN MASALAH :
1. Latar Belakang Masalah
2. Identifikasi Masalah
MASALAH 3. Pembatasan Masalah
4. Perumusan Masalah
5. Kegunaan Penelitian
PENYUSUNAN
KERANGKA PENYUSUNAN KERANGKA TEORITIS
BERFIKIR DAN PENGAJUAN HIPOTESIS :
1. Pengkajian teori yang dipergunakan
2. Pembahasan penelitian yg relevan
3. Penyusunan kerangka berfikir dalam
pengajuan hipotesis (dengan menya-
takan postulat, asumsi dan prinsip
HIPOTESIS sekiranya ada)
4. Perumusan hipotesis

METODOLOGI PENELITIAN :
1. Tujuan Penelitian
METODOLOGI 2. Tempat & Waktu Penelitian
PENELITIAN 3. Metode Penelitian
4. Teknik Pengambilan Contoh
5. Teknik Pengumpulan Data
6. Teknik Analisis Data

HASIL PENELITIAN :
1. Deskripsi Variabel Penelitian
2. Pengujian Persyaratan Analisis
PENGUJIAN 3. Pengujian Hipotesis
HIPOTESIS 4. Penafsiran
5. Kesimpulan Pengujian Hipotesis

KESIMPULAN, IMPLIKASI & SARAN :

1. Kesimpulan yg merupakan sintesis
dari berbagai penemuan penelitian
KESIMPULAN 2. Pembahasan kesimpulan penelitian
3. Dari berbagai teori keilmuan dan
hasil penelitian yang relevan
4. Pengkajian implikasi penelitian
5. Pengajuan saran
 IKHTISAR PROSES
Teori
dan RISET
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berfikir

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variabel secara
operasional
Masal Hipot Hipot
ah esis esis

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Riset &
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kan Menerap
kan
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si/
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Temuan
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lapor dan pengolahan
an data
 THE RESEARCH PROCESS
CONSEDERATIONS METHODS,
CONSEDERATIONS
AND STEPS IN METHODS,
TECHNIQUES AND
AND STEPS OF
IN TECHNIQUES AND PRINCIPLES OF
FORMULATION TOOLS OF DATA PRINCIPLES
SCIENTIFIC OF
FORMULATION
A RESEARCH OF TOOLS OF DATA
COLLECTION SCIENTIFIC
A RESEARCH COLLECTION WRITING
PROBLEM WRITING
PROBLEM

RESEARCH
RESEARCH
DESIGN : FIELD
DESIGN
THEORY AND : TESTING
THEORY AND
FUNCTIONS OF
FUNCTIONS RESEARC
H
INSTRUME
LITERATU LITERATU METHODS OF
NT METHODS
RE RE DATA OF
REVIEW DATA
PROCESSING
REVIEW
PROCESSING
AND
AND
INTRODUCTIO
INTRODUCTIO
N TO
N TO
COMPUTING
COMPUTING

FORMULATIO CONSEPTUALIS CONSTRUCT SELECTION DATA DATA REPOR

N OF A ATION OF A ION OF A OF SAMPLE COLLECTI T
RESEARCH RESEARCH RESEARCH ON ANALY WRITIN
PROBLEM DESIGN TOOL SIS G

DEVELOP CODING
ING A
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SAMPLING CODEBO nal
SAMPLING
THEORI, OK
RESEARCH Steps
RESEARCH THEORI,
CONSIDERATION
DESIGN
DESIGN SCONSIDERATION
AND DESIGN
S AND DESIGN Needed
Theoretical
Knowledge

VARIABLES AND VALIDITY AND EDITING Needed

HYPOTHESES : VALIDITY OF
RELIABILITY ANDA OF DATA Intermed
DEFINITION AND RELIABILITY
RESEARCHOF A iary
TYPOLOGY RESEARCH
INSTRUMENT Steps
INSTRUMENT

WHAT AND HOW

WHY
 THREE RESEARCH APPROACHES
RESEARCH PURPOSE
Exploratory Research
1. What new product should be
developed ?
2. What product appeal will be
effective in advertising ?
3. How can our service be
improved ?
Descriptive Research
4. How should a new product
be distributed ?
5. What should be the target
segment?
 
6. How should our product be
changed?
Causal Research
7. Will an increase in the
service staff be profitable ?
8. Which advertising program
for public transit should be
run ?
9. Should a new budget or ”no
frills” class of airfare be
introduced ?
RESEARCH
QUESTION
What alternative ways are
there to provide lunches for
school children?
What benefits do people seek
from the product ?
What is the nature of any
customer dissatisfaction ?
Where do people now buy
similar products ?
What kinds of people now
buy the products, and who
buys our brand ?
What is our current image ?
 
What is the relationship
between size of service staff
and revenue ?
What would get people out of
cars and into public transit ?
Will the ”no frills” airfare
generate sufficient new
passengers to offset the loss
of revenue from exiting
passengers who switch from
economy class ?
HYPOTHESIS
Boxed lunches are than
other forms.
 
Constructs unknows
Suspect that an image of
impersonalization is a
problem
Upper-class buyer use
specialty stores, and middle-
class buyers use department
stores.
Older people buy our brand,
whereas the young married
are heavy users of
competitors.
We are regarded as being
conservatives and behind
the times.
For small organizations, an
increase of 50% or less will
generate marginal revenue
in excess of marginal costs.
Advertising program A
generates more new riders
than program B.
The new airfare will attract
sufficient revenue from new
passengers.