Hydraulic Motors

Brought to you by:

Demetri Preonas
Greg Unverferth

Overview of Lesson

How they work

Types of Motors
Performance
Applications

How a hydraulic motor works

High pressure fluid is
used to turn a shaft.
This is done in many
different ways.
Much like a cylinder
the power comes from
the pressure acting
over a large area and
creating a large force.

Types of Hydraulic Motors

Gear Motors
Vane Motors
Piston Motors
Limited Rotation Actuator

Gear Motors
External Gear Motor
2 rotating gears, the
area of the gear teeth is
where the pressure acts
to create force
Both gears turn
simultaneously
One gear is connected
to the output shaft and
the other is an idler.

Model 21300 B1 Series Gear Motor

Eaton Heavy Duty Series 1 Variable Motor

Gear Motors
Internal Gear Motors
Two categories
Direct drive gerotor,
works much like a
rotary engine.
Two gears, an inner
and an outer.
The pressure pushes
them around a center
point, turning a shaft

Vane Motors
Spring loaded vanes
are connected to a
rotor
The rotor turns inside a
cam ring (elliptical
hole)
The vanes slide in and
out of the slots in the
rotor to make contact
with the cam wall.

Piston Motors
Many different types of piston motors
All of them use the same basic principles
Much like a cylinder, only turns a shaft like
the cylinders in your car engine.
Generally the most efficient
High power, high speed, high pressure

Piston Motors
Most efficient
Often used in
aerospace applications
due to high power to
weight ratio

In-line Piston Motors

Simple construction
Low cost
Used in low torque
high speed
applications, such as
machine tools

Radial Piston Motors

High Torque
Low speed
Possible application
could be a roller.

Bent Axis Piston Motor

Is one example of variable
displacement motor.
The angle is altered to
change the displacement.

Limited Rotation Actuator

Also sometimes called
a oscillator.
Has limited movement
High torque

Performance
Efficiency
Two factors
Internal leakage
Volumetric efficiency
and speed decrease due
to leakage.

Internal friction
Mechanical efficiency
loss due to torque loss

Effv= (rpmact/rpmtheo) * 100

Effv= volumetric efficiency

Effm= (Tact/Ttheo) * 100

Effm= Mechanical efficiency

Effoa=(Effv/100)*(Effm/100)*100
Effoa= Over All Efficiency

Performance
The mechanical torque
desired must be
specified in order to
find required working
pressure.

The rpm desired must

be specified in order to
find required flow
rate.
Q= (rpm * Disp.)/231

Pin= (T*2)/Disp.

Power
Hpout= (Tlb-ft * rpm)/5252
Effoa= (Hpout * 100)/ Hpin

You just learned:

How a hydraulic motor works
The basics of the different types of motors
Some possible applications for hydraulic
motors
How to calculate power
How to find efficiency