GDT-True Position

Geometric Dimensioning &
Tolerancing
True Position
Application Seminar 2006
GD&T
Rules
Use and effect of Material Condition Modifiers
Datum Reference Frame mobility sources
Comparison between the traditional and new methods
Carl Zeiss IMT
GD&T
Page 2
GD&T
Earlier generation software
. in early generation software

packages, the result with MMC is
identical to the result without MMC the actual tolerance will be bigger than
the original given tolerance, which
means it is easier to be qualified for the
evaluated object. So .users will be
happy with the result within the
tolerance .
Carl Zeiss IMT
GD&T
Page 3
GD&T
Use and effect of MCMs
Material Condition Modifier (MCM) MMC/LMC/RFS are used to
define the treatment of size deviations
MCM expand the tolerance zone depending on the considered
feature and they mobilize the tolerance zone depending on the
datum features
MCM for the considered feature
M: expands the tolerance zone
S: size does not influence the tolerance zone
L: expands the tolerance zone
MCM for datum features
M: gives mobility to the tolerance zone
S: means static tolerance zone
L: gives mobility to the tolerance zone
Mobility of the tolerance zone reduces the actual deviation
Carl Zeiss IMT
GD&T
Page 4
GD&T
datum features
Carl Zeiss IMT
GD&T
Page 5
GD&T
datum features
Carl Zeiss IMT
GD&T
Page 6
GD&T
datum features
Carl Zeiss IMT
GD&T
Page 7
GD&T
datum features
Mobility
the tolerance zone is
MCM for the
consideredof
feature
the freedom to perform a best fit to
attempt to accept the work piece.

Carl Zeiss IMT
GD&T
Page 8
GD&T
General rules for the handling of DRFs
GD&T takes fit and function of the imperfect objects into
consideration
Datum reference frames (DRFs) are simulated by perfect
Lngenmessabweichung E
inverse datum features with nominal orientation
DRFs eliminate up to three degrees of rotational- and three
degrees of translational degrees of freedom
The order of the datum features in the feature control frame
specifies the order of adaption to the work piece
If a datum feature can and may eliminate a degree of freedom, it
must
Datum features with size shall be fixed at virtual material
condition or if specified regardless of features size consume all
the space available in- or outside
Carl Zeiss IMT
GD&T
Page 9
GD&T
consideration
must
Carl Zeiss IMT
GD&T
Page 10
GD&T
consideration
must
Carl Zeiss IMT
GD&T
Page 11
GD&T
consideration
must
Carl Zeiss IMT
GD&T
Page 12
GD&T
consideration
must
Carl Zeiss IMT
GD&T
Page 13
GD&T
consideration
must
the space available inside or outside
Carl Zeiss IMT
GD&T
Page 14
GD&T
Examples w/o MMC
0,02 M A B M C M
Lngenmessabweichun
gE
C
Carl Zeiss IMT
GD&T
Page 15
GD&T
Examples w/o MMC
0,02 M A B M C M
0,02 M A B M C M
Lngenmessabweichun
gE
C
Carl Zeiss IMT
GD&T
Page 16
GD&T
Examples w/o MMC
0,02 M A B M C M
0,02 M A B M C M
0,02 M A B M C M
A
Lngenmessabweichun
gE
C
Carl Zeiss IMT
GD&T
Page 17
Increased
Mobility
GD&T
Examples w/o MMC
0,02 M A B M C M
0,02 M A B M C M
0,02 M A B M C M
Without best fit the distance
Lngenmessabweichun
between datum
features isg E
A
not taken into account!
This is the reason, why the
result with MMC sometimes
is larger than without (GO /
NO GO like a hard gage).
Carl Zeiss IMT
GD&T
Page 18
GD&T
DRF mobility sources
Datum features referenced with MMC or LMC
0,1 A B C M
An inadequate number of datum features to eliminate

all degrees of freedom
The second and all lower tiers of a composite feature
control frame
A
C
0,4 A B C
Static DRF
Slightly mobile DRF
0,2 A B
Highly mobile DRF
0,1 A
B
Unstable datum features (e.g. convex reference plane)
Carl Zeiss IMT
GD&T
Page 19
GD&T
Comparison between the methods
Early generation s/w method:
Alignment based on the
datum features
MCM for the considered
feature expands the tolerance
zone
expands the tolerance zone
Carl Zeiss IMT
GD&T
Page 20
GD&T
Comparison between the methods
Traditional method:
Correct Method (Calypso):
Alignment based on the

datum features
Best fit based on the

previously described rules with
a virtual gauge
MCM for the considered

feature expands the tolerance MCM for the considered
zone
feature expands the tolerance
zone
expands the tolerance zone
gives mobility and does not
expand the tolerance zone
Bestfit reduces the deviation

of the actuals
Bestfit is limited by the MCM
bonus
Carl Zeiss IMT
GD&T
Page 21
GD&T
Comparison example 1
2x 20 0,2
0,3 M A B M C
30 0,1
B
Nominals:
A
40
40
Result with Calypso:
Carl Zeiss IMT
GD&T
Actuals:
X1 = -39,64
Y1 = 0
D1 = 20,20
X2 = 0
Y2 = 0
D2 = 30,10
X3 = +39,64
Y3 = 0
D3 = 20,20
Out of Tolerance
Actual = 0,72 mm
Exp. Tol.= 0,7 mm
Page 22
GD&T
2x 20 0,2
0,3 M A B M C
30 0,1
B
Nominals:
A
2
40
40
Result with Calypso:
Carl Zeiss IMT
GD&T
Actuals:
X1 = -39,64
Y1 = 0
D1 = 20,20
X2 = 0
Y2 = 0
D2 = 30,10
X3 = +39,64
Y3 = 0
D3 = 20,20
Out of Tolerance
Actual = 0,72 mm
Exp. Tol.= 0,7 mm
Page 23
GD&T
2x 20 0,2
0,3 M A B M C
30 0,1
B
Nominals:
A
2
40
40
Tolerance Zone / MMC with Calypso:

Y
x
Carl Zeiss IMT
GD&T
Actuals:
X1 = -39,64
Y1 = 0
D1 = 20,20
X2 = 0
Y2 = 0
D2 = 30,10
X3 = +39,64
Y3 = 0
D3 = 20,20
Result:
Out of Tolerance
Actual = 0,72 mm
Exp. Tol.= 0,7 mm
Page 24
GD&T
2x 20 0,2
0,3 M A B M C
30 0,1
B
Nominals:
A
2
40
40

Y
x
Carl Zeiss IMT
GD&T
Actuals:
X1 = -39,64
Y1 = 0
D1 = 20,20
X2 = 0
Y2 = 0
D2 = 30,10
X3 = +39,64
Y3 = 0
D3 = 20,20
Result:
Out of Tolerance
Actual = 0,72 mm
Exp. Tol.= 0,70 mm
Page 25
GD&T
2x 20 0,2
0,3 M A B M C
30 0,1
B
Nominals:
A
2
40
40
Result with Traditional:
Carl Zeiss IMT
GD&T
Actuals:
X1 = -39,64
Y1 = 0
D1 = 20,20
X2 = 0
Y2 = 0
D2 = 30,10
X3 = +39,64
Y3 = 0
D3 = 20,20
In Tolerance
Actual = 0,72 mm
Exp. Tol.= 0,9 mm
Page 26
GD&T
2x 20 0,2
0,3 M A B M C
30 0,1
B
Nominals:
A
2
40
40
Actuals:
X1 = -39,64
Y1 = 0
D1 = 20,20
X2 = 0
Y2 = 0
D2 = 30,10
X3 = +39,64
Y3 = 0
D3 = 20,20
Tolerance Zone / MMC with Traditional S/W: Result:

In Tolerance
Y
Actual = 0,72 mm
x
x
x
Exp. Tol.= 0,90 mm
X
Carl Zeiss IMT
GD&T
Page 27
GD&T
2x 20 0,2
0,3 M A B M C
30 0,1
B
Nominals:
A
2
40
40
Actuals:
X1 = -39,64
Y1 = 0
D1 = 20,20
X2 = 0
Y2 = 0
D2 = 30,10
X3 = +39,64
Y3 = 0
D3 = 20,20
Tolerance Zone / MMC with Traditional S/W: Result:

In Tolerance
Y
Actual = 0,72 mm
x
x
x
Exp. Tol.= 0,90 mm
X
Carl Zeiss IMT
GD&T
Page 28
GD&T
2x 20 0,2
0,3 M A B M C
30 0,1
B
Nominals:
A
2
40
40

x
x
x
Carl Zeiss IMT
GD&T
Actuals:
X1 = -40,00
Y1 = 0,45
D1 = 20,20
X2 = 0
Y2 = 0
D2 = 30,10
X3 = +40,00
Y3 = 0,45
D3 = 20,20
Result:
In Tolerance
Actual = 0,70 mm
Exp. Tol.= 0,70 mm
Page 29
GD&T
2x 20 0,2
0,3 M A B M C
30 0,1
B
Nominals:
A
2
40
40

x
x
x
Carl Zeiss IMT
GD&T
Actuals:
X1 = -40,00
Y1 = 0,45
D1 = 20,20
X2 = 0
Y2 = 0
D2 = 30,10
X3 = +40,00
Y3 = 0,45
D3 = 20,20
Result:
In Tolerance
Actual = 0,70 mm
Exp. Tol.= 0,70 mm
Page 30
GD&T
2x 20 0,2
0,3 M A B M C
30 0,1
B
Nominals:
A
1
40
40
Y
x
Carl Zeiss IMT
Actuals:
X1 = -40,00
Y1 = 0,45
D1 = 20,20
X2 = 0
Y2 = 0
D2 = 30,10
X3 = +40,00
Y3 = 0,45
D3 = 20,20
GD&T
Page 31
GD&T
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Tolerance Zone / MMC with Traditional:
x
Y
x
Carl Zeiss IMT
GD&T
Actuals:
X1 = -40,00
Y1 = 0,45
D1 = 20,20
X2 = 0
Y2 = 0
D2 = 30,10
X3 = +40,00
Y3 = 0,45
D3 = 20,20
Result:
In Tolerance
Actual = 0,90 mm
Exp. Tol.= 0,90 mm
Page 32

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Geometric Dimensioning &

Carl Zeiss IMT

. in early generation software

Carl Zeiss IMT

MCM for datum features

An inadequate number of datum features to eliminate

Carl Zeiss IMT

Carl Zeiss IMT

Correct Method (Calypso):

Alignment based on the

Best fit based on the

MCM for the considered

Bestfit reduces the deviation

Result with Calypso:

Carl Zeiss IMT

Result with Calypso:

Carl Zeiss IMT

Tolerance Zone / MMC with Calypso:

Carl Zeiss IMT

Tolerance Zone / MMC with Calypso:

Carl Zeiss IMT

Result with Traditional:

Carl Zeiss IMT

Tolerance Zone / MMC with Traditional S/W: Result:

Carl Zeiss IMT

Tolerance Zone / MMC with Traditional S/W: Result:

Carl Zeiss IMT

Tolerance Zone / MMC with Calypso:

Carl Zeiss IMT

Tolerance Zone / MMC with Calypso:

Carl Zeiss IMT

Carl Zeiss IMT

Carl Zeiss IMT

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