SCIENCE
1.WHAT IS SCIENCE?
Science is a systematic
study of natural
phenomena and the
environment
2. NATURAL PHENOMENA
Natural phenomena
are the things that
happen in nature,
examples:a.
b.
c.
i.
Formation and
germination of
seeds and fruits
j.
Formation of
rainbow
k.
Monsoons
l.
Turtles returning
to the shore to lay
eggs
m.
Typhoon
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
f.
g.
h.
i.
A. Transportation
Aeroplane,
hovercraft, ship, car,
motorcycle,
commuter, LRT (Light
rail Transit)
B. Communication
c.
d.
X-ray machines,
lasers,
electrocardiogram
(ECG), dialysis
machine
Vaccines, antibiotic,
medicine
Machine (makes
work easier)
F.
Construction
Fields of science
2. Chemistry-study of
3. Physics-study of
Fields of science
1.
Astronomy-study of
planets and stars
Geology-study of rocks
and minerals
Meteorology-study of
weather and climate
Physiology-study of
processes and functional
of systems in life
Botany- scientific study of
plants
Zoology - scientific study
of animals
Microbiology- scientific
study of microorganisms.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
Doctor
Engineer
Nurse
Veterinarian
Microbiologist
Architect
Pharmacist
Chemist
Computer
programmer
Zoologist
Botanist
Biologist
Astronaut
Geologist
Research
scientist
4.
_______________
_______________
_____________
_____________
_____________
_____________
_____________
Hazardous substances
found in the laboratory
Hazard warning symbols
are used to show the
danger of the substances
Causes harm or
death
Example:Mercury, bromine
and sodium
cyanide
2.Flammable
Burns easily
Examples
ethanol, petrol,
kerosene
3.Explosive
Explodes
easily
Examples
Sodium
and
potassium
4. Irritant
Examples
Ammonium solution
chloroform
weak acids
Vinegar
Vinegar
5. Radioactive
Examples
Plutonium and
uranium
Examples
Concentrated sulphuric
acid, Concentrated
hydrochloric acid.
COMMON LABORATORY
APPARATUS
Crucible
Evaporating dish
Filter funnel
Gas jar
Test tube
Boiling tube
Beaker
Conical flask
Bunsen burner
Stop watch
Thermometer
Metre rule
Syringe
d
Barrel
Collar
Gas
jet
Air hole
h
f
i
j
l
b)
c)
d)
Barrel
Collar
Gas
jet
Air hole
1.
2.
3.
4.
COLLECTING
THE DATA
ANALYSING
THE DATA
MAKING
CONCLUSION
WRITING THE
REPORT
5.
6.
7.
8.
R
Q
2.
3.
PHYSICAL
QUANTITY
MEASURED BY
USING
LENGTH
meter
MASS
kilogra
m
kg
TIME
second
A metre rule,
opisometer,
measuring tape
Lever balance,
beam balance,
electronic
balance.
Stopwatch
TEMPERATURE
Kelvin
A thermometer
ELECTRIC
CURRENT
Amper
e
An ammeter
Symbol
Value
mega-
1000000
kilo-
1000
deci-
1/10
centi-
1/100
milli-
1/1000
micro-
1/1000000
LENGTH
AREA
VOLUME
TEMPERATURE
MASS
WEIGHT
TIME
ELECTRIC CURRENT
1. LENGTH
Length is a
distance
between
two points
Can be
measured
by using a
metre rule
and
measuring
tape
Length
1 Straight
line
2 Curve
Measuring tools
Metre rule,
Measuring tape
What is diameter?
Radius
Measuring the
internal diameter
of a boiling tube
Measuring the
external diameter
of a boiling tube
Measuring diameters
Screw
Vernier
gauge
calipers
micrometer
To measure
the length
accurately to
the nearest
0.01mm
To measure
the length
accurately to
the nearest
0.1mm
Internal
callipers
To measure
the internal
diameter of an
object
External
callipers
To measure
the external
diameter of an
object
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17
2. AREA OF A SURFACE
REGULAR SHAPE
TRIANGLE
CIRCLE
SQUARE
RECTANGLE
Calculated by using
a formula
Estimated by using
a graph paper
IRREGULAR SHAPE
LEAF SHAPE
FLOWER SHAPE
HEART SHAPE
ANIMAL SHAPE
Rectangle
length
height
base
Area of a triangle
= x base x height
Square
breadth
Area of a rectangle
= breadth x length
breadth
Area of a square
= breadth x length
1cm
1cm
3. VOLUME
Volume is the space occupied by an object.
MEASURING VOLUME
VOLUME OF LIQUID
Measuring cylinder
Pipette
Burette
Unit = ml
VOLUME OF SOLID
1. Water displacement method
(measuring cylinder)
2. Eureka can @ displacement
can and measuring cylinder
Unit = cm3
Meniscus
of the liquid
Take the
measurement
at the bottom
of the
meniscus
2.
50 cm3
57 cm3
stone
TEMPERATURE
Degree
of hotness of an object
Measured by using a thermometer
Unit = C (degrees Celsius)
S.I. unit = Kelvin
TIME
ELECTRIC CURRENT
WEIGHT
MASS
Matter
MASS
1.
2.
3.
1.
2.
1.
2.
3.
4.
MASS
Is the amount of
matter in an object
Is measured in
kilogram (kg)
Is always the same
everywhere
Can be measured by
a lever balance, a
beam balance or an
electronic balance
1.
2.
3.
4.
WEIGHT
Is the pull of gravity
on an object
Is measured in
Newton (N)
Is not always the
same
Can be measured by
a spring balance and
compression
balance