A TECHNICAL SEMINAR PRESENTATION

ON

IP Multimedia Services: Analysis of

Mobile IP and SIP Interactions in
3G Networks

PRESENTED BY
V.HARITHA NAGA
 Seminar Contents
p Introduction
p Mobile IP & SIP

p IP in 3G networks

p Mobile IP in 3G networks

p IP Multimedia Services and SIP in 3G networks

p SIP interworking with Mobile IPV4

p SIP interworking with Mobile IPV6

p Security Considerations

p Conclusion

p
 INTRODUCTION
§ 3G cellular networks have been designed to provide a
variety of IP data services.
§ Mobile IP is becoming a key technology for managing
mobility wireless networks.
§ The SIP is the key to realizing and provisioning services
in IP-based cellular networks.
§ 3G network have introduced support of IP mobility through
Mobile IP(MIP).
§ 3G partnership project 2(3GPP2) deploy MIP to support
terminal mobility between points of attachment to the
network.
i.


 3GPP has defined and standardized a network

infrastructure called the IP Multimedia Subsystem(IMS)
based on SIP
 The substantial differences between 3GPP & 3GPP2 is
how SIP services can be provided through the IMS

 Mobile IP
 MIP for a mobile node(MN) to move across different
connection points while maintaining connectivity with other
nodes on the Internet.
 Two versions of MIP have been defined depending on the
IP version used in the network:
MIPV4 for IPV4 networks and MIPV6 for IPV6
 MN maintains a fixed IP address called the Home address
(HoA)
 As the MN roams into a visited network it also obtains a
care-of Address(CoA) valid on the new link(MIPV6)
 MIPV6 also supports direct peer-to-peer communication
called route optimization
 Session Initiation Protocol
 SIP is currently the most popular protocol for
establishing peer-to-peer IP communication .
 SIP specifications define an architecture of user agents
and servers that support communications between SIP peers.
 In SIP each user is uniquely identified by SIP universal
resource indicator(URI).
 SIP begins with a user sending an INVITE message to a
accepts the request and the initiator is notified, the actual
data flow begins.
 An INVITE message typically carries a description of the
session parameters.
 IP in 3G Networks

 The large address space available,IPv6 allows for the concept of

“always on "networks by enabling devices to have IP
addresses assigned permanently
 This particularly applies to services such as VoIP and streaming
that are especially of interest to 3G networks.
 IPv6 addresses are globally routable, with IPv6 the end-to-end
communication model of the Internet is applicable to 3G
networks.
 The option of adopting IPV6,especiallly for new services ,
ensures that these networks will not have to worry about the
transition between IPV4 and IPV6.
 MOBILE IP IN 3G NETWORKS

 3g networks have introduced support of IP mobility through

MIP.
 MIP is used in cdma2000 and General Packet Radio
Services(GPRS)/Universal Mobile Telecommunication
System(UMTS).
 i. Mobile IP in CDMA2000
 ii. Mobile IP in GPRS/UMTS
 MOBILE IP IN CDMA2000
 Code-division multiple access (CDMA) networks , in particular
cdma2000 networks specified by 3GPP2, deploy MIPv4 to
support terminal mobility between points of attachment to the
network.
 The PDSN is the actual point of attachment of the MN to the IP
network and acts as an FA to support IP mobility in order to
allow the MS to move from one PDSN to another.
 In such a scenario, the MIPv4 HA is the anchor point for the MS
traffic, especially if reverse tunneling from the FA is utilized.
 MOBILE IP IN GPRS/UMTS
 GPRS and UMTS networks specified in 3GPP do not
explicitly support MIP.
 IP mobility, in particular MIPV6, can be used to support
terminal mobility for multi-access networks, networks that support
both cellular access through GPRS/UMTS and, say ,wireless
LAN(WLAN) access.
 MIPv6 is in fact transparent to the mechanisms GPRS/UMTS
define to provide IP connectivity to an MN. When MIPv6 is used
in GPRS , the MN gets local IP connectivity at the GGSN.
 When MIPV6 is used in GPRS, the MN gets local IP connectivity
at the GGSN.
 The address obtained by the GGSN is used as COA.
 The MN then sends a MIPV6 binding update(BU) messages to the
HA and any CN enable route optimization
 IP MULTIMEDIA SERVICES AND SIP IN
3G NETWORKS
 SIP is the protocol of choice for the support of IP multimedia
services in the IMS [6] of the 3GPP UMTS.
 The main elements are the P-CSCF,S-CSCF and I-CSCF.
 The P-CSCF acts as a SIP proxy between the MN and the I-
CSCF/S-CSCF.
 The S-CSCF implements the actual SIP registrar functionality
and session control, including service triggering.
 After gaining IP connectivity through the packet network, the
MN registers with the S-CSCF.
 The registration request is forwarded via the P-CSCF. S-CSCF
authenticates the MN and retrieves the user profile.
 After successful authentication, the MN is registered and ready
to set up or receive SIP calls.

 IMS in 3GPP2


 3GPP has completed specifying the architecture and interfaces
for IMS Release5 and 3GPP2 is currently in the process of
adopting the same IMS architecture.
 IMS has designed considering the GPRS/UMTS core packet
network needs careful consideration.

 IP VERSION FOR IMS

 3GPP has selected IPV6 as the IP version supported by the

IMS in order to benefit from the advantage of IPV6.
 3GPP2 the question whether only IPV6 is supported by the
IMS has just been settled.
 SIP INTERWORKING WITH MOBILE
IPV4
 When connecting to an IPv4 network with or without MIPv4,
the MN obtains an IPv4 address that may be public or
private.
 NAT needs to modify the external IP header to convert
between IPv4 and IPv6 headers and addresses.
 The IMS specifies the use of a security association between
the MN and the P-CSCF in order to protect the integrity of
SIP messages.
 To support IPv4/IPv6 conversion the ALG needs to be
implemented as part of the IMS, and needs the ability to
instruct the NAT on how addresses should be mapped.


 If MIPv4 is used, further issues arise. The location of P-CSCF
and S-CSCF with respect to the FA and HA has implications
on the way SIP and MIPv4 interact.
 When the P-CSCF is located in the visited network, with MIPv4
in 3GPP2 packets destined to the MN are routed through the
HA and tunneled to the MN, whereas packets from the MN
may be sent directly to the destination or tunneled through
the HA.
 SIP INTERWORKING WITH MOBILE
IPV6

 The adoption of SIP services with MIP introduces

a set of issues.
i.Addressing consideration
ii.Architectural consideration
 Addressing consideration
 Both SIP and MIP support mobility of the MN.
 When MIP is used, the MN has two addresses: the HoA and
CoA. MIP supports node mobility by allowing applications to
be unaware of a change in node address. Therefore, the
addresses used by the MN for SIP communications is the
HOA.
 This requires the MN to use the same address for the source
address and the address provided at the SIP level.
 This requires the MN to use the same address for the source
address and the address provided at the SIP level.
 The security requirements for MN addressing and allows direct
optimized routing of both SIP signaling and SIP session
media, this corresponds to using SIP mobility. In fact, the
MN needs to reregister the new CoA with the SIP proxy
every time it changes its point of attachment to the network.
In particular, if the MN is involved in an active SIP session
with other nodes, it needs to re-invite the nodes providing the
new CoA.
 The MN provides both the CoA and HoA in SIP signaling. This
requires changes to current SIP standards, and defies the
reason MIP was introduced: to make applications unaware of
the node mobility.
 The MN provides the HoA at SIP registration and for session
establishment, and uses the HoA as source address. In this
way, MIP mobility is used, and the MN does not need to
reregister or re-invite other nodes when it changes CoA.
When the MN is involved in an active SIP session, the MN
updates the other nodes with the new CoA through MIP
signaling.
 Architectural consideration
 From an architectural point of view, with MIPv6 the location of
P-CSCF and S-CSCF with respect to the HA needs to be
considered for SIP and MIP interactions.
 In a second case for MIPv6, the P-CSCF is located in the
visited network, while the HA is located in the home network.
In such scenario, MIPv6 can be supported transparent to SIP.
 The SIP signaling between the MN and the P-CSCF is routed
directly without requiring tunneling through the HA.
SIP REGISTRATION AND SESSION SETUP
 SIP session setup for the IMS in 3G networks in the presence of
MIPv6. Several options are possible for the MN to send BU
messages to the CN. In the basic scenario (option 1), the MN
receives packets from the CN tunneled though the HA, and
initiates the route optimization procedure.
 This can have implications on quality of service (QoS), since QoS is
initially established only for the route from the MN to the HA and
to the CN, whereas QoS for the optimized route is not established.
 Packets from the CN can still be received through the HA
before the BU procedure is completed. An additional
optimization is to send the BU message while the SIP session
is still being set up to ensure that the CN is willing and able
to accept the SIP session.
 SECURITY CONSIDERATION

 Security mechanisms have been defined for MIPv6 in

particular to allow authentication of the MN with the HA to
send BU messages. In addition, MIPv6 has defined the
return routability (RR) test as a mandatory mechanism to be
implemented by MIPv6 nodes to support route optimization.
 when an MN initiates the procedure, the CN challenges the
MN to prove that it owns the HoA and is currently located at
the CoA.
 The RR test needs to be re-executed at a certain frequency
in order to ensure that no session hijacking takes place and
the CoA registered for the MN is still valid, since the MN
can change CoA rather often.
 How SIP is used with MIPv6, and conclude that the MN
needs to see the P-CSCF as a CN and perform BU
procedures. According to MIPv6 specifications, this implies
that the RR test is executed between the MN and the P-
CSCF at regular intervals.
 In order to avoid the overhead introduced by the RR test,
this article proposes to reuse the security associations set up
at SIP registration between the MN and the PCSCF. The
security association is currently used to integrity protect the
SIP signaling, but it can be used also to authenticate the
MIPv6 BU messages between the MN and the P-CSCF.
 CONCLUSION
 Standardization of IMS support of SIP services in 3GPP2 for
cdma2000 is proceeding. The implications of supporting both
IPv6 and IPv4 for SIP services. MIP and SIP are two key
protocols for 3G cellular networks. Interworking between SIP
Solutions have been described for use of MN addresses and a
mobility procedure when SIP is used