Totalitarianism

Totalitarian Dictators
Mussolini ~ Hitler ~ Stalin

What is a dictator?
Seizes control of a government without

getting control through inheritance or

free election.

Italy
Post World War I

High unemployment and economic

problems.
Current government Constitutional
Monarchy
Could

not respond to countrys problems.

Benito Mussolini
Italian nationalist
Nickname: Il Duce

Means the leader

Fought in World War I

Developed a response to

troubles in Italy

Created Fascist Party

political party
Doctrine: fascism

Symbol: Bundle
of rods bound
tightly around an
ax that symbolized
government
authority.

FASCISM vs COMMUNISM
Communism

Fascism

Appealed to upper
and middle class
Attempt to preserve
the social classes
Own private property

Society without social

classes
Community property
shared
Appealed to working
or lower classes

Common agreements:
Control people through force and censorship
Opposed democracy

Mussolinis Rise to Power

Prime Minister under Victor Emmanuel II
Black Shirts suppress communist

ideas

Spread national pride.

Intimidate voters, drive officials from office
Violent group beat tortured and at times
killed
Motto Me no Frego
I

dont give a damn

Sons of the Wolf

Organization that taught young children

fascist ideas

Males between ages of 8 and 21.

Estimated enrollment at height: 1.2 million.
Why was this an effective approach to
gaining support for Fascist ideas?

Germany
Post World War I

High unemployment
Inflation soared
Why?

Reparations

1919 Kaiser Abdicates

Weimar Republic takes over

Responsible

for the signing of

the Treaty of Versailles

Humiliating penalties.

Beer Hall Putsch (Munich)

Leader: Adolf Hitler

Attempts to show weaknesses in the

government.
Nazi Party created:
Nationalistic
Anti-Semitic
Anti-Communist

Results of Beer Hall Putsch

Hitler jailed

Wrote Mein Kampf in prision.

Means my struggle

Mein Kampf

Nazi movement spirit

Outlined plan for racial purity
Elimination of the Jews

Results of Mein Kampf

Active discrimination against

Jews.
Emotional Speeches
Promised to repeal Treaty
of Versailles.
Restore Germanys military
power.
Recover lost territory and
build a greater Germany.

Nazi Party
Germans were a master race, all others

were inferior.

1925 25,000 members

1929 180,000 members

Adolf Hitler
Born illegitimately to Catholic

parents in Austria.

Second marriage for father.

Fathers 2nd cousin. (presumably)

Original last name: Schlicklgruber

Grandmother allegedly Jewish.
Failed high school and dropped

out at 16

no desire to work

Wanted to become a painter.

Watercolor by Adolf Hitler - 1919

Adolf Hitler

1933 Dictator of Germany

Nickname: Der Fuhrer
Means the leader
Created Secret Police
Gestapo

Forced Jews to live in Ghettos

Wear the star of David
Persecution through
Concentration camps.

Germanys Former Glory

1st Reich Holy Roman Empire
2nd Reich- Hohenzolleran Empire
3rd Reich Nazi Regime

Rome-Berlin Axis
1936

Alliance

Mussolini and Hitler

Violation of the Treaty of Versailles

Hitler Youth
Society of German Maidens
Both

groups taught
students Nazi beliefs

Hitler Youth boys

Nazi boy scouts
Society of German Maidens
girls
Home economics

Communist Russia

Vladmir Lenin (1917-1924)

Accomplishments

Downfalls

Collective farming farmers sharing farms and

equipment.

High Divorce rate

Education was emphasized but funding was low.

Lenin dies in 1924

Whos in Power?
Leoon Trotsky

War Minister
Developed Red Army
Belief: all workers
of the world unite.

Joseph Stalin

Secretary for
Communist Party
Belief: socialism will
succeed and spread
to all countries.

Stalin wins!
Trotsky sent into exile in Mexico
Killed by an assassin sent by Stalin.

Joseph Stalin

Rule by fear!
Obey Communist Party or face
imprisionment or death

Secret Police
Cheka or KGB

Comintern
Communist International

Organization to spread
communist ideas throughout
world.

Attempted Assassination

1934 Attempt on Stalins life

RESPONSE:
Large scale purge or liquidation of people
Stalin became paranoid

By 1939:
5 million executed for disloyalty.
Sent to gulags brutal death camps in Siberia.

Politburo
Created by Stalin

Political bureau of the communist party.

Essay

Describe the similarities and differences between

Mussolinis Italy, Hitlers Germany and Stalins Russia.
Essay must be typed.
Five points awarded for students who write and turn the
essay in tomorrow before the test.
The essay will still be graded however for content.