SCHOOL COLLEGE OF NURSING ST. PAUL UNIVERSITY DUMAGUETE IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS IN N212 ADVANCE ADULT NURSING IV MASTERS OF SCIENCE IN NURSING
PREPARED BY: JORE LAJOT ROCO, BSNRN
JEAN WATSON
Earned a diploma from Lewis Gale Hospital
School of Nursing in Roanoke, VA A baccalaureate in nursing degree from the University of Colorado, Boulder A masters degree in psychiatric mental health nursing from the University of Colorado Health Sciences Center, including deanship of the School of Nursing from 1983 to 1990 Founding Director of the Center for Human Caring.
JEAN WATSON
Distinguished Professor at the
University of Colorado
President of the National League for
Nursing from 1995 to 1996
THEORY OF TRANSPERSONAL CARING
Its essence is authentic caring for the purpose
of preserving the dignity and wholeness of humanity Theory emerged from the theorists own beliefs, values and perceptions about human life, health and healing. Watson sees nursings collective caring-healing role and its mission in society as attending to, and helping to sustain, humanity and wellness To caring and healing work with others during their most vulnerable moments of lifes journey
THEORY OF TRNSPERSONAL CARING
Caring is independent to caring
According to Watson, knowledge and practice for a caring-healing discipline are primarily derived from the arts and humanities and an emerging human science that acknowledges a convergence of art and science.
PHILOSOPHICAL BACKGROUND
Watsons work has reflected a blend of Eastern
and Western beliefs in what she refers to as emergency/ converging paradigm Influenced by Whiteland, Kierkegaard, deChardin, Carl Rogers, Nightingale, Henderson , Leininger, Martha Rogers and Gadow. Watson expresses the hope that such a relational ontology can heal not only individuals but unhelathy health care, sociopolitical and cultural institutions as well.
CONTENTS OF THE THEORY
Major Conceptual elements
Transpersonal caring relationship Ten carative factors Caring occasion/ caring moment
CONTENTS OF THE THEORY
The latent dimensions that are evolved and
emerged are: Embodied spirit Expanded views of self and person transpersonalmind, body and spirit oneness Importance of caring-healing consciousness within the human-environment field. Positing of consciousness as energy Phenomenal field/ unitary consciousness Advanced caring-healing modalities/ nursing arts.
TRANSPERSONAL CARING RELATIONSHIP
Defined as human-to-human connectedness
occurring in a nurse-patient encounter wherein each is touched by the human center of the other.
Transpersonal caring relationship depends on:
The moral commitment, intentionality and
consciousness needed to protect, enhance, promote and potentiate human dignity, wholeness and healing wherein a person creates or cocreates his or her own meaning for existence, healing, wholeness and caring
TRANSPERSONAL CARING RELATIONSHIP
Orientation of the nurses intent, will and
consciousness toward affirming the subjective/ intersubjective significance of the person. The nurses ability to assess and realize, accurately detect and connect with the inner condition of another The nurses ability to assess and realize anothers condition of being-in-the-world and to feel a union with the other The caring-healing modalities potentiate harmony, wholeness and comfort and promote inner healing The nursess own life history and previous experiences
TRANSPERSONAL CARING RELATIONSHIP
Recent elaboration on the concept of a
transpersonal caring relationship describes this relationship occurring within a caring consciousness wherein a nurse enters into the life space or phenomenal field of another person is able to detect the other persons condition of being, feels this condition within self and responds in such a way that the person being cared for has a release of feelings, thought and tension.
TEN CARATIVE FACTORS
1. 2. 3. 4.
5.
6.
7.
Forming a humanistic-altruistic system of values.
Enabling and sustain faith-hope Being sensitive to self and others Developing a helping-trusting, caring relationship (seeking transpersonal connections). Promoting and accepting the expression of positive and negative feelings Engaging in creative, individualized, problem solving caring processes. Promoting transpersonal teaching-learning
TEN CARATIVE FACTORS
8. Attending to supportive, protective and/or corrective mental, physical, societal and spiritual environments. 9. Assisting with gratification of basic human needs while preserving human dignity and wholeness 10. Allowing for, and being open to, existential-phenomenological and spiritual dimensions of caring and healing that cannot be fully explained scientifically through modern Western medicine.
CARING OCCASION/ CARING
MOMENT Occurs whenever nurse and other (s) come together with their unique life histories and phenomenal field in a human-to-human transaction and is a focal point in space and time has a greater field of its own that is greater than the occasion itself arises from aspects of itself that become part of the life history of each person, as well as part of some larger, deeper, complex pattern of life
WATSONS THEORY AND
NURSINGS METAPARADIGM PERSON Human is viewed as a valued person in and of him or herself Fully functional integrated self that is greater than and different from the sum of his or her parts Can go forward, through the use of mind, to higher levels of consciousness Ones soul possesses a body that is not confined by objective space and time
WATSONS THEORY AND
NURSINGS METAPARADIGM ILLNESS Subjective turmoil or disharmony within a persons inner self or soul at some level or disharmony within the spheres of the person Illness connotes a felt incongruence within the person such as an incongruence between the self as perceived and the self as experienced.
WATSONS THEORTY AND
NURSINGS METAPARADIGM HEALTH Is viewed holistically, as the unity between the physical, social, mental and spiritual self, with all parts working together in harmony and functioning to their full capacity. Is a perceived by the patient and is influenced by their own unique life experiences (Bernick/2004). Entirely includes a individuals physical, social, aesthetic and moral realms, not just their behaviour and physiology (George/2002).
WATSONS THEORY AND
NURSINGS METAPARADIGM ENVIRONMENT Is crucial to the holistic healing (mental, physical, social, emotional, spiritual, developmental, protective, supportive environments), which is conducive to a patients health and wellbeing. Affects both patients and nurses within a caring-healing model. (Bernick, 2004). Is usually designed as a home-like environment but these systems still fall short as healing spaces (Watson/1999). Contains noise, privacy, light, access to nature, color, space and smells that can have an impact on the caring-healing process (Watson/1999).
WATSONS THEORY AND
NURSINGS METAPARADIGM NURSING Nursing consist of knowledge , thoughts, values, philosophy, commitment and action with some degree of passion. It is related to human care transactions and intersubjective personal human contact with the lived world of the experiencing person Consist of transpersonal human-to-human attempts to protect, enhance and preserve humanity by helping a person find meaning in illness, suffering, pain and existence Help another to gain self-knowledge, control and selfhealing wherein a sense of inner harmony is restored regardless of the external circumstances
MODEL
LIMITATIONS OF WATSONS THEORY
Lack of emphasis on physical as a
separate entity on which to focus care disturbs those still practicing from the mechanistic medical model
STRENGHTS OF WATSONS THEORY
Transformative at all levels and realms of
nursing Directs the focus back onto the person and mandates that technology be used selectively for the betterment of humankind rather than as the sole guiding factor in health care. Rekindle the passion of nursing for the sacredness of being human and the sacred traditions of health and healing
Everything happens for a reason to them who loves the
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