SYNOPSIS PRESENTATION

On

STUDY OF AUTOMOBILE
EXHAUST SYSTEM

Project coordinator
MR. Dinesh Dubey
Asst. Prof. (mech)

GROUP
MEMBERS
MAYANK JAGGI
AAQIB JAVED
ALANKRIT VERMA
KARAN THINDH

Introduction

Exhaust gas or flue gases is emitted as a result of the

combustion of fuels such as petrol, diesel or fuel oil.

A car's exhaust system is responsible for transporting

the burned exhaust, or combustion gases, from its
engine and out through the tail pipe.

An exhaust system is usually tubing used to guide

reaction exhaust gases away from a controlled
combustion inside an engine . The entire system
conveys burnt gases from the engine and includes
one or more exhaust pipes, depending on the overall
system design.

Components of exhaust
system
The exhaust system may essentially consist of the following
components:

Exhaust Manifold

Exhaust Pipes

Catalytic Converter

Muffler

The Tail Pipe

Components

Exhaust Manifold
An Exhaust Manifold is the upper
end of the exhaust system.

It is attached directly to the side of the

engine and is the first part of the
exhaust system to receive the burned
exhaust gases from the car's engine.

The exhaust manifold burns any fuel

that was inadequately burned by the
engine and funnels it down into the
main exhaust system.

Due to high temperatures, Excellent

oxidation resistance, High-temperature
strength, Thermal fatigue properties
are required.

Exhaust Pipes
The exhaust pipes are
responsible for transporting
the burned exhaust gases
from the engine and the
exhaust manifold and
funneling them towards the
car's tailpipe.
It can be metal or
aluminum.
The pipes are used to
create an effectively sealed
pathway.

TYPES OF PIPES
There are basically two types:
Regular pipe
Flexible pipe
Regular exhaust pipe is solid, typically available in straight
lengths, bent configurations and elbows.
Flexible exhaust pipe is flexible enough to bend with road
conditions and accommodate thermal expansion of the
system.
The exhaust system may be sealed by welding joints or
using exhaust clamps as a simple, effective way to seal
overlapping pipes.

Catalytic Converter
A catalytic converter is a device that
uses a catalyst to convert three
harmful compounds in car exhaust
into harmless compounds.
Hydrocarbons - in the form of
unburned gasoline.
Carbon monoxide -formed by the
combustion of
gasoline.
Nitrogen oxides - created when the
heat in the engine forces nitrogen in
the air to combine with oxygen .

Different Catalysts
There are two different types of catalyst
at work
Reduction Catalyst - first stage
It uses platinum and rhodium to help
reduce the NOx
emissions.
Example
2NO => N2 + O2 or 2NO2 => N2 +
2O2
Oxidation Catalyst -second stage
It uses platinum and palladium to help
reduce the unburned hydrocarbons and
carbon
monoxide
by
burning
(oxidizing) them.
Example
2CO + O2 => 2CO2

Pollutants from Car Exhaust

CO carbon monoxide. The main source of CO in cities is the
internal combustion engine, where it is produced by incomplete
combustion.
CO2 carbon dioxide. The internal combustion engine
contributes to the increased concentrations of CO2 in the
atmosphere.
NOx nitrogen oxide forms when fuels are burned at high
temperatures.
HC hydrocarbons. Much of the hydrocarbon fuel passes through
the process unconsumed and is expelled into the atmosphere
along with other exhaust fumes.
Other pollutants such as C6H6 Benzene and its derivatives and
SO2 sulphur dioxide are also present

Muffler
Amufflerorsilencer is a device for
reducing the amount ofnoise emitted
by theexhaustof aninternal
combustion engine.
The main muffler absorbs the noise of
the exhaust gas and is composed of an
outer shell, inner plates, inner pipes,
end plates and other components.
It contains a deceptively simple set of
tubes that are finely tuned to reflect the
sound waves produced by an engine so
that they cancel each other out.

Designs of muffler

Vector Muffler - for larger diesel trucks, uses many

concentric cones.
Spiral Baffle Muffler - for regular cars, uses a
spiral-shaped baffle system.

TAIL PIPE
The tail pipe is
end of the final
length of exhaust
pipe which ends
with just a straight
or angled cut
where it vents to
open air.

Importance of exhaust system

The exhaust system has three major functions:

To channel out the waste products of combustion out of the

engine.

To reduce the noise generated by the engine.

To clean up the emissions that are harmful to the

environment.

To reduce the pollution and to increase the efficiency of the

engine.

REFERENCES
1) Multi objective Design Optimization of merging
configuration of an exhaust manifold of a car
engine by Masahiro kanazaki et al.
2) Market Delivery of ultra-low carbon vehicles in UK
by Ben Lane.
3) Low carbon cars by reducing dissipation in
hydrogen hybrids by Kevin Kendall et al.
4)Present and Future Trends of Stainless Steel for
AutomotiveExhaust System by Yoshiharu INOUE and
Masao KIKUCHI submitted in July 2003
5) Automobile engineering by Robert Siegel 2. John R.
Howell

Thank You