URINARY SYSTEM

CHAPTER CONTENTS OF:

Introduction of urinary system
Structure of kidneys
Functions of kidneys
Structure & functions of ureters
Structure &functions of urinary bladder
Structure & functions of urethra
INTRODUCTION OF URINARY
SYSTEM
 Urinary system consists of 4 main parts
1.Kidneys – 1 pair
2.Ureters – 1 pair
3.Urinary bladder
4.Urethra
 Kidney – produces urine contains protein
metabolic waste products
 Ureters – convey urine from kidneys to bladder
 Bladder – stored urine temporarily
 Urethra – through urine discharge to exterior
 STRUCTURE OF KIDNEYS
 Located – abdominal cavity
- one side of each vertebral column
- behind the peritoneum
 Position – right kidney lower than left kidney
 Bean shaped organ
 Weighs 150 g
 Protected – lower rib cage
 Oxygenated blood – supply by renal artery
 Deoxygenated blood – carried by renal vein
 DEVIDED IN TO 2 PARTS
1.gross structure
2.microscopicstructure
 1.Gross structure of kidneys
 Three types of tissue can be observed
a. Fibrous capsule – surrounding by kidney
b. Cortex – reddish brown layer of tissue
c. Medulla – inner most layer-consists of
renal pyramids
 Hilum – concave medial border of kidneys
- consists of renal vessels, lymph
vessels ,ureter & nerve enters
 Renalpelvis – funnel shape structure
- act as a receptor for urine
formation
- distal branches – called
calyces
 Urine passes through kidney
papilla of medulla
(Apex of pyramid)
↓
Minor calyx
↓
Major calyx
↓

Pelvis
↓
Ureters
 Pelvis wall – contains smooth muscle
 Smooth muscle – involuntary action –
regulates peristalsis
 Peristalsis – propel urine through the
pelvis & ureter to bladder
 2.Microscopic structure of
kidney
 Composed of functional units – called
nephrons
 Collecting ducts – transport urine
- pyramids to renal pelvis
- supported–connective tissue
- contain – blood vessels,
nerves & lymph vessels
 NEPHRONES
a. consists of tubules – closed at one en
-the other end opening in to – collecting
tubule
b. The closed end – form cup shaped –
known as glomerular capsule
c. Glomerular capsule – consists net work of
arterial capillaries –known as glomerulus
d.Wall of glomerulus capsule – consists of
squamous epithelium
e. Continuation of glomerular capsule – has 4
parts
1.Proximal tubule
2.Medullary loop (loop of henle)
3.Distal tubule
4.Collecting duct
NEPHRON & THE TUBULE
 Renal arteries
a. enter kidneys – hilum
b. divided in to smaller arteries –
arterioles
c. in cortex arterioles – called afferent
arterioles
d. Afferent arterioles
i. enters each glomerular capsule
ii. Subdivided in cluster capillaries
iii. Forming glomerulus
 Between capillary loop – defense cells
- monocyte convert to
macrophage – called – mesangial cells
 Efferent arterioles – blood vessel leading
away from glomerular
- breaks up into sinusoids
- supplies oxygenated
blood & glucose – kidney tissue
 Venous drainage –deoxygenated & waste
products carried out –by renal vein