MAIN NATIVE GROUPS AMERICANS

EXHIBITORS:
ELFRIEDE MARGARITA VIVANCO LPEZ
DANIEL ALFONSO SALGADO BAUTISTA.

Groups:
1.- Ndee (Apache).
2.- Sioux.
3.- Cheyenne.
4.- Comanche.
5.- Navajo.
6.- Blackfeet.
7.- Muhhekunneuw.
8.- Cherokee.
9.- Wichita.
10.- Arapaho.
11.- Iroques.
12.- Iowa.
13.- Crow.
14.- Kiowa
15.- Hopi.
16.- Ikaniuksalgi
(Seminole)
17.- Creek
18.- Algokino
19.- Mohave.
20.- Walla-Walla
21.- Shoshoni

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Chinook.
Miami.
Payute.
Missouri
Nez Perce.
Ute.
Chickasaw
Shawnee.
Arikara
Chumash
Omaha.
Chayuse.
Acoma
Mowik.
Assiniboin
Natchez
Havasupai
Comox
Ponka
Timukua
Mandan

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Ojibwa
Nootka
Osage
Paluse.*
Walapai
Sarcee
Tuscarora
Kawaik Laker.
Songish
Tenino
Modoc
Coeur Dalene
Oneida.
Otana
Pima.
Hidatsa
Maricopa
Shashaptano.

Ndee (Apache).
They inhabited near East Arizona, Northwest of Mexico
(North of Chihuahua and Sonora), New Mexico, and regions
of Texas.
The term Apache probably come from the Zuni (Apachu)
that mean Enemy.
They are named Ndee that mean The people.
They were fishermen, hunters and farmers, shared same
rite that the Sioux and Cheyenne.
They are now on reservations in Arizona, New
Mexico and Oklahoma a number between 5000
and 6000. A small minority of 20 Mescalero
Apaches still exist on the northern border of the
Mexican states of Chihuahua, Sonora and
Coahuila.

Government:
The Seven Council Fires was the head of the
governmental system of the Sioux. It was formed by
the heads of each of the seven tribes and their
assistants. Tribal councils covering several villages
and were subdivided into village councils. A Sioux
women were not allowed to become members of the
council.

Sioux.

Home and location:

The Sioux followed the buffalo grazing paths and
traveled great distances to hunt.
The Sioux Indians lived in conical structures made of
poles and buffalo skins: teepees. The posts used to
reach a height of 15 feet (4.6 m) and a single tipi
could accommodate 30 to 40 people at once.
Beliefs:
The Sioux Indians considered sacred to all life and
believed that every living thing had a spirit. Trying
to communicate with them through visions and
dreams. The buffalo was considered a gift from the
Great Spirit, and was worshiped by this people.

The Cheyenne Nation is composed of two tribes, the

Sotaeo'o and Tsitsistas. The name derives from a
word Cheyenne Sioux language meaning 'Small
Create'.
Before being placed in reserves, were allies of the
Cheyenne Arapaho and Lakota (Sioux). The
Cheyenne nation comprised ten groups that
stretched all the Great Plains, from southern
Colorado to the Black Hills in South Dakota. By the
mid-eighteenth century began to separate groups,
some remained near the Black Hills, while others
remained near the Platte River in central Colorado.
Today, the Northern Cheyenne live in southeast
Montana on own reserve. The Southern Cheyenne,
along with the Southern Arapaho, live in central
Oklahoma. Their combined population is about
20,000.

The Comanche are a Native tribe Comancheria (territory

which would include eastern New Mexico, southeastern
Colorado and Kansas, all of Oklahoma and quite the
Northeast and Southeast Texas). Its estimated maximum
population amounted to 45,000 natives. Today, the
Comanche Nation consists of approximately 10,000
members, about half live in Oklahoma (mainly in Lawton),
and the rest in Texas, California and New Mexico.
Several theories about the origin of the name Comanche.
The most accepted Komantcia derived from the name
given by the Ute people. "Kohmahts" mainly translates as
"enemy." The French and Americans knew the Comanche
as Padouca (or Paducah), its name in the Sioux language.
The Comanches preferred to call the Numunuu, which
means "the people" or "people".
The Comanche speak an Uto-Aztecan language,
sometimes considered a dialect of Shoshone. Today most
of the English-speaking Comanches Comanche language
has only a few hundred speakers

Navajos.
The Navajos are the largest American Indian nation, it has
about 298,000 individuals. They live in the Southwest USA
distributed by the states of Arizona, New Mexico, Utah and
Colorado, along with 37 Navajos living in Chihuahua and
Sonora, northern Mexico.
To them belongs the largest reserves of any individual U.S.
native group, to cover more than 60,704 square
kilometers.
At present, the capital of the Navajo is in Window Rock,
Arizona. They are involved in a wide variety of economic
enterprises including farming, mining and production and
sale of woven rugs, pottery and typical jewelry.
The Navajo call themselves "Dineh" the people. The word
comes from a word Navajo Tewa "navahuu" meaning crop
field in dry riverbed.

MOHICANS
The Mohicans were a tribe native Algonquian East Coast of the current
United States. Originally located in the Hudson River Basin in the state of
New York, were moved to Massachusetts about 1780, and later his
descendants migrate to Wisconsin between 1820 and 1830, where he
would settle on the reservations of the Lenape.
The Mohicans used to refer to themselves as Muhhekunneuw, or people
of the river. The term comes from the name Mohicans applied to the Wolf
Clan Mohawk, which were called manhigan Mohicans, mahican origin of
the English word, which led to the term Mohicans.
Today their descendants have mixed with Lenape and living as a single
tribe called Stockbridge-Munsee Community.

CHEROKEE.
The Cherokee originally settled in eastern Tennessee and South Carolina .
In 1650 were about 22,000 individuals , with a fairly elaborate social
organization .
In 1796 President Washington decided to take them as a basis for a series
of experiments in Indian education .
During the nineteenth century , the Cherokee made rapid and
revolutionary cultural developments , among which stands out the
invention by a member of the tribe, Sequoyah , an excellent writing
system that allowed the entire population literate in no time and the
publication of a newspaper : Cherokee Phoenix.
Worked closely with the U.S. government on many occasions , despite
which they were forced to move continually to make room for white
farmers . In these Cherokee population transfers was terribly decimated.
. Hostilities - revived after enactment by the U.S. the Indian Removal Act
in 1830 which forced the relocation of indigenous reserves - lasted until
the last decade of the nineteenth century . Today live on reservations in
Oklahoma and North Carolina .

HOPI
Hopis belong to the ancient inhabitants of
the U.S. central plateau of about 10 000
individuals, many of whom live in Arizona in
the Navajo Nation Federal Reserve. There is
friction between the Hopi and Navajo
groups, deriving from invasion razor Hopi
lands in the past.
Its culture is similar to that of the Zuni, but
speak a Uto-Aztecan language. They are
one of the few indigenous groups that
maintain their culture until today, their
villages are old, some with a history of 1000
years.
They are renowned for their elaborate
basketry and sculpting miniatures. They are
owners and operators of a cultural center, a
museum and a hotel complex.

FILMS.

"Knowledge is rooted in all things. The world is a library

"(Lakota Sioux).
"True peace between nations is only possible when there is
true peace in the souls of the people." (Lakota Sioux)
"Only after the last tree has been cut,
only after the last river has been poisoned,
only after the last fish has been caught,
just after
you will realize
that money can not be eaten ... "
(Sioux prophecy)

Thanks for your attention.