Basic GAD Concepts

SESSION 2:
BASIC GAD
CONCEPTS
Presented by: DR. JHAMIE TETZ I. MATEO, Member, PCW-NGRP
Training on Gender & Development Mainstreaming for State Universities &
Colleges July 22-25, 2014 Cebu City (VISMIN Cluster)
SEX & GENDER: WHAT ARE

THEY AND HOW THEY DIFFER
SEX refers to:
The biological characteristics that categorize
someone as having either a female or male body
The act of mating between two organisms
(COITUS)
This categorization is made according to
reproductive function
o the female produces the egg cell, or ovum
o the male provides the sperm that fertilizes
it
o a rare category exists - the INTERSEXED:
people born with both male and female, or
incomplete genitalia but these form a
Training on Gender & Development Mainstreaming for State Universities & Colleges July 22-25, 2014 Cebu City
7/22/2014
(VISMIN Cluster) very small proportion of the human
SEX & GENDER: WHAT ARE

THEY AND HOW THEY DIFFER
Gender refers to:
The socially determined ideas and
practices of what it is to be female or
male, how a persons biology is
culturally valued and interpreted into
locally accepted ideas of what it is to
be a woman or man
A term that implies the cultural

roles expected of a person
(VISMIN Cluster)
7/22/2014
DIFFERENCE BETWEEN
GENDER AND SEX
SEX
GENDER
Biologically determined
Constructed by society
Universal for all human

beings
Multi-faceted differs
within and between
cultures
Unchanging
Dynamic, changes over

time
(VISMIN Cluster)
7/22/2014
ATTRIBUTES OF SEX AND

GENDER
SEX
GENDER
Maleness
Masculinity
Femaleness
Femininity
(VISMIN Cluster)
7/22/2014
SEX & GENDER AND MORE
SEX
(VISMIN Cluster)
7/22/2014
ORIENTATION
(VISMIN Cluster)
7/22/2014
SEXUAL ORIENTATION
Refers to each persons capacity for profound
emotional, affectional and sexual attraction to,
and intimate and sexual relations with,
individuals of a different gender or the same
gender or more than one gender
Heterosexualtowards members of the opposite sex.
Bisexualtowards members of both sexes.
Homosexualtowards members of the same sex.
(VISMIN Cluster)
7/22/2014
IDENTITY
(VISMIN Cluster)
7/22/2014
10
GENDER IDENTITY
Defined by the INDIVIDUAL
Refers to each persons deeply felt
internal and individual experience of
gender, which may or may not correspond
with the sex assigned at birth, including
the personal sense of the body (which may
involve, if freely chosen, modification of
bodily appearance or function by medical,
surgical or other means) and other
(VISMIN Cluster)
7/22/2014
11
SEX & GENDER AND

MORE
EXPRESSION
(VISMIN Cluster)
7/22/2014
12
IS GENDER ROLE INBORN???
(VISMIN Cluster)
7/22/2014
13
GENDER ROLE IS LEARNED

Gender role is the behaviors,
attitudes values, beliefs and so on
that a particular cultural group
considers appropriate for males and
females on the basis of their
biological sex.
Gender ROLES and EXPECTATIONS
are learned.
(VISMIN Cluster)
7/22/2014
14
THE PROCESS OF LEARNING

AND INTERNALIZING
CULTURALLY APPROVED WAYS OF:
Thinking
Feeling and
Behaving
according to ones
gender is...
Gender Role
Socialization
(VISMIN Cluster)
7/22/2014
15
GENDER ROLES
Activities carried
out by M/W in order
to produce goods &
services to meet
the subsistence
needs of the family
Productive
Reproductive
Activities primarily
undertaken by
women as an
Community
extension of their
Community
reproductive role;
Politics
Managing
voluntary unpaid
Training
on Gender
& Development
Mainstreaming for State Universities & Colleges July 22-25, 2014 Cebu City
work
in free
time
(VISMIN Cluster)
Activities needed to
ensure the
reproduction of
societys labor
force, mostly done
by women
Activities primarily
undertaken by men
at the community
level; usually may
be paid directly or
result in increased
power & status
7/22/2014
16
Feminine
perception
roles
expectation
s
Masculine
Weak, emotional,
secondary, cant
think
No hard work,
no leadership,
not a boss,
no decision-making
Strong, rational,
primary, cant
feel
Stay at home, just

obey, dont assert,
dont participate
in deciding
Dont make women do

hard work, always be
smart, get the best,
dont cry
Hard work,
leader, boss,
no care-giving
(VISMIN Cluster)
7/22/2014
17
THUS GENDER ROLES, EXPECTATIONS & PERCEPTIONS BOX

MEN & WOMEN INTO SITUATIONS THAT CONSTRAINTS THEIR
Capacity TO DO : ability or power

to do productive and satisfying work
to have control over ones income and benefit
from it
to enjoy nature and the natural environment
Capacity TO BE : a right and opportunity

to be knowledgeable and skillful, confident
of own abilities & comfortable with
achievements, independence and power
well-nourished
(VISMIN Cluster)
7/22/2014
18
SITUATIONS WHERE WE
SEE GENDER
SOCIAL Different
DIFFERENCES
perceptions of womens
and mens social roles
The man seen as head of

the household and chief
bread-winner who deals
with the public sphere
The woman seen as
nurturer and care-giver
who deals with the private
sphere
(VISMIN Cluster)
7/22/2014
19
SITUATIONS WHERE WE
SEE GENDER
POLITICAL Differences in
the ways in which women
DIFFERENCES
and Men
men more
assume/share
involved in
power
and authority level;
national/higher
Women involved at the
local level linked to their
domestic roles
Men use violence and
weapons as tools to further
their own power; Women
do not have access to such
tools & are often the
(VISMIN Cluster)
7/22/2014
20
SITUATIONS WHERE WE
EDUCATIONAL
SEE GENDER
Differences in educational
DIFFERENCES
opportunities &
expectations of girls and
boys
Family resources directed
to boys rather than girls
education
Girls streamed to lesschallenging academic
tracks
(VISMIN Cluster)
7/22/2014
21
SITUATIONS WHERE WE
SEE GENDER
DIFFERENCES
ECONOMIC
Differences in womens
and mens access to:
Lucrative careers & control

of financial and other
productive resources
Credit and Loans
Land Ownership
(VISMIN Cluster)
7/22/2014
22
Learning of
Gender Roles
Begin in the Early

Stages of
Childhood
(VISMIN Cluster)
Male and Female

Gender Roles
7/22/2014
23
MANIFESTATIONS
OF GENDER BIAS
VIOLENCE AGAINST WOMEN
Acts of instilling fear and
inflicting pain with the aim
to injure or abuse a
person, usually women.
Jokes, wolf-whistles
Peeking, 'chancing' or making
sexual passes
Sexual harassment
Domestic violence
Rape
Prostitution
Commodification- the act of
treating women as a commodity
or object, not as a person
It may be verbal,
psychological or physical
in nature.
(VISMIN Cluster)
7/22/2014
MARGINALIZATION (ECONOMIC)
The process which forces women out
MANIFESTATIONS
into the periphery of economic and social
OF GENDER BIAS
life
on the periphery of decision-making
process
as well as diminishing the value of the
activities in which they engage and
through which they contribute to the
national development process
Under or non-valuation/recognition of
women's work
Women have less access to and control
over resources and benefits
Unequal pay for work of equal value
24
last to be hired, first to be fired

limited opportunities
(VISMIN Cluster)
7/22/2014
MANIFESTATIONS
OF GENDER BIAS
25
SUBORDINATION
One sex is inferior to the other;
gender subordination is the
institutionalized domination by men
of women
Position - very few women in politics
and top positions
Status - weaker sex
Decision-making - women are not
included in planning and decisionmaking processes
Process of socialization
(VISMIN Cluster)
7/22/2014
26
WOMEN
MEN
Weak
Strong
Oppressed
Dominating
Followers
Leaders
Second Class
Always on Top
Owned
Owner
(VISMIN Cluster)
7/22/2014
MANIFESTATIONS
OF GENDER BIAS
27
GENDER STEREOTYPING
The process of attributing a set of characteristics, roles and
traits, favorable or unfavorable to all members of a social
group based on sex.
Child rearing
Religion
Occupation
Education
Language
Behavior
Gov't programs
Media
Popular culture
(VISMIN Cluster)
7/22/2014
28
MANIFESTATIONS
OF GENDER BIAS
MULTIPLE BURDEN
Involvement in the three
spheres of work: reproductive,
productive and community work
Parenting
Housework
Community Work
Work in the public
sphere/informal sector
(VISMIN Cluster)
7/22/2014
29
FAMILY
WHO
PERPETUAT
ES GENDER
BIASES???
SCHOOL
LANGUAGE
CHURCH
MEDIA
WORKPLAC
E
(VISMIN Cluster)
In the family,
throughout
childhood and
adolescence,
parents orient
their children
about acceptable
gender roles and
standards
7/22/2014
30
FAMILY
SCHOOL
LANGUAGE
CHURCH
MEDIA
WORKPLAC
E
The school further

widens the
differentiation
between boys and
girls
(VISMIN Cluster)
7/22/2014
31
FAMILY
SCHOOL
LANGUAGE
CHURCH
MEDIA
WORKPLAC
E
The use of sexist

term no matter
how subtle, is the
most pervasive
institution of
socialization
(VISMIN Cluster)
7/22/2014
32
FAMILY
SCHOOL
LANGUAGE
CHURCH
MEDIA
WORKPLAC
E
Religious
teachings that
depict women as
Martyrs, Self
Sacrificing and
reinforcing the
belief that
womens place is
in the home & to
be a good mother
and wife
(VISMIN Cluster)
7/22/2014
33
FAMILY
SCHOOL
LANGUAGE
CHURCH
MEDIA
WORKPLAC
E
The Tri- Media do

not usually
portray women in
all her diverse
roles, thus their
images tend to
emphasize her
physical
appearance rather
than her ability
(VISMIN Cluster)
7/22/2014
34
FAMILY
SCHOOL
LANGUAGE
CHURCH
MEDIA
WORKPLAC
E
Women are few

and far between
managerial and
policy-making
positions. Majority
of them are in the
informal sector
where the
minimum wage
law rarely applies
and there is hardly
any social security
protection
(VISMIN Cluster)
7/22/2014
35
WHAT SHOULD WE DO???
(VISMIN Cluster)
7/22/2014
36
PROMOTE GENDER EQUALITY

Freedom from violence
VIOLENCE
AGAINST WOMEN
Freedom from harassment

Effects on personhood
Personhood
development/self-esteem
Control over one's body
(VISMIN Cluster)
7/22/2014
37
MARGINALIZATION
Equal pay for work of

equal value
Economic independence
Economic Opportunities
(VISMIN Cluster)
7/22/2014
38
SUBORDINATION
Quality participation in
decision-making
Recognition of capabilities
(VISMIN Cluster)
7/22/2014
39
GENDER
STEREOTYPING
Liberation from
stereotyped images
Non-sexist child-rearing
Non-sexist language
(VISMIN Cluster)
7/22/2014
40
MULTIPLE
BURDEN
Gender Division of Labor:

the assignment of tasks
and roles to men and
women on account sex
shared parenting
shared housework
shared breadwinning
(VISMIN Cluster)
7/22/2014
Physical
Using
coercion and
VIOLENCE
threats
Using economic abuse
Using male privilege
Using children
Sexual
Using intimidation
Using emotional abuse
Using isolation
Minimizing,
Denying and
Blaming
41
Negotiation and
NON-VIOLENCE
Fairness
Economic Partnership
Shared Responsibility
Responsible
Parenting
Non-Threatening
Behavior
Respect
Trust and Support
Honesty and
Accountability
(VISMIN Cluster)
7/22/2014
42
(VISMIN Cluster)
7/22/2014

Basic GAD Concepts

Diunggah oleh

Informasi Dokumen

Deskripsi Asli:

Judul Asli

Hak Cipta

Format Tersedia

Bagikan dokumen Ini

Bagikan atau Tanam Dokumen

Opsi Berbagi

Apakah menurut Anda dokumen ini bermanfaat?

Apakah konten ini tidak pantas?

Hak Cipta:

Format Tersedia

Basic GAD Concepts

Diunggah oleh

Hak Cipta:

Format Tersedia

SESSION 2:

SEX & GENDER: WHAT ARE

SEX & GENDER: WHAT ARE

A term that implies the cultural

Universal for all human

Dynamic, changes over

ATTRIBUTES OF SEX AND

SEX & GENDER AND MORE

SEX & GENDER AND MORE

SEX & GENDER AND MORE

SEX & GENDER AND

IS GENDER ROLE INBORN???

GENDER ROLE IS LEARNED

THE PROCESS OF LEARNING

Stay at home, just

Dont make women do

THUS GENDER ROLES, EXPECTATIONS & PERCEPTIONS BOX

Capacity TO DO : ability or power

Capacity TO BE : a right and opportunity

The man seen as head of

Lucrative careers & control

Begin in the Early

Male and Female

last to be hired, first to be fired

The school further

The use of sexist

The Tri- Media do

Women are few

WHAT SHOULD WE DO???

PROMOTE GENDER EQUALITY

Freedom from harassment

Equal pay for work of

Gender Division of Labor:

Anda mungkin juga menyukai