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  • Frogs External Anatomy

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    Angelica Rico
    91 tayangan17 halaman
    This document summarizes the external anatomy of frogs. It describes the frog's skeletal system, which includes a flat skull, 9 vertebrae, and bones adapted for leaping in the hind legs. The circulatory system is also unique, with oxygenated and deoxygenated blood separated to avoid mixing. Respiration can occur through the skin when submerged in water or through simple sac-like lungs. Other systems like the digestive and excretory systems involve a mouth, esophagus, stomach, intestines and cloaca. The nervous system is highly developed with specialized brain regions but fewer cranial and spinal nerves than humans. Sense organs like the eyes, ears and nose are crudely developed compared to humans.

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    This document summarizes the external anatomy of frogs. It describes the frog's skeletal system, which includes a flat skull, 9 vertebrae, and bones adapted for leaping in the hind legs. The circulatory system is also unique, with oxygenated and deoxygenated blood separated to avoid mixing. Respiration can occur through the skin when submerged in water or through simple sac-like lungs. Other systems like the digestive and excretory systems involve a mouth, esophagus, stomach, intestines and cloaca. The nervous system is highly developed with specialized brain regions but fewer cranial and spinal nerves than humans. Sense organs like the eyes, ears and nose are crudely developed compared to humans.

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    91 tayangan17 halaman

    Frogs External Anatomy

    Diunggah oleh

    Angelica Rico
    This document summarizes the external anatomy of frogs. It describes the frog's skeletal system, which includes a flat skull, 9 vertebrae, and bones adapted for leaping in the hind legs. The circulatory system is also unique, with oxygenated and deoxygenated blood separated to avoid mixing. Respiration can occur through the skin when submerged in water or through simple sac-like lungs. Other systems like the digestive and excretory systems involve a mouth, esophagus, stomach, intestines and cloaca. The nervous system is highly developed with specialized brain regions but fewer cranial and spinal nerves than humans. Sense organs like the eyes, ears and nose are crudely developed compared to humans.

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    dari 17

    FROGS EXTERNAL

    ANATOMY
    Wesleyan University-Philippines (CONAMS)

    THE FROGS HEAD

    Frogs Buccal Cavity

    GENERAL FEATURES:
    Brain, nose, eyes,
    mouth, ears

    Coelom

    contain
    s all the
    internal
    organs

    Skeleton and
    Muscles
    SUPPORTED BY A BONY FRAMEWORK

    (SKELETON)
    SKULL IS FLAT (ENCASES THE BRAIN)
    THERE ARE ONLY 9 VERTEBRAE (HUMANS
    HAVE 24)
    NO RIBS
    NO TAIL (ONLY UROSTYLE A DOWNWARD
    EXTENSION OF THE VERTEBRAL COLUMN)
    ONE FOREARM, THE RADIO-ULNA
    ONE UPPER ARM BONE, THE HUMERUS

    HIND LEGS ARE SPECIALIZED FOR

    LEAPING
    SINGLE SHINBONE, THE TIBIO-FIBULA
    SINGLE UPPER LEG BONE, THE
    FEMUR
    WITH TWO ELONGATED ANKLEBONES
    OR TARSALS :

    A. Astragalus like the


    human talus

    B. Calcareus human heel


    bone
    Muscles are same with other

    The Circulatory
    System
    Heart only organ in the coelom with its

    own
    protective covering , the pericardium
    With two upper chambers left and right
    atrium
    With one lower chamber ventricle
    But there is no mixing of oxygenated and
    unoxygenated blood because of the
    unique

    Respiratory
    System

    Covered with soft, thin moist skin-comprised of an outer


    Epidermis and and inner dermis
    Functions: Protection and respiration
    (An extensive network of blood vessels
    run through the skin, oxygen pass
    through the membranous skin, directly
    into the blood. When submerged in
    water, all respiration takes place in the
    skin. Oxygen is directly taken from water)

    Respiration also takes place in simple sac like


    lungs
    Different from humans ***
    Open mouth

    Closed mouth
    Open nostrils
    Closed nostrils

    Air into the


    windpipe
    The floor of the mouth is
    lowered, causing it to puff out

    Air enters in large mouth


    Air in mouth forced into the
    lungs by
    contraction of the mouth
    floor

    The Digestive & Excretory System


    Mouth --- where digestion begins
    With feeble, practically useless teeth (upper

    jaw only)
    With highly specialized tongue
    Tip of the tongue folded backward toward the
    throat
    Very sticky tongue
    Mouth
    esophagus
    stomach
    small
    intestines

    large intestines (all digestive glands are


    attached by ducts)
    cloaca
    Liquid wastes from kidneys
    ureters
    urinary bladder
    cloaca

    Nervous system
    and Sense organs
    With highly developed Nervous
    system brain, spinal cord and
    nerves
    MEDULLA -- regulates automatic
    functions such as digestion and
    respiration
    CEREBELLUM-- controls body
    posture and muscular coordination
    CEREBRUM -- small in frog, very
    large in humans (involved in many

    No. of
    cranial
    nerves

    No. of
    Spinal
    Nerves

    FROG

    10

    10 PAIRS

    HUMAN

    12

    30 PAIRS

    HOLES
    NO LONG NASAL
    PASSAGE
    SMELL IS
    REGISTERED IN
    THE OLFACTORY
    LOBES

    EYE IS CRUDE
    FIXED LENSE CANT
    CHANGE FOCUS
    Poorly developed eyelids
    dont move
    With 3rd eyelid, nictating
    membrane

    MEMBRANES ARE
    EXPOSED)
    With only one bone in
    the middle ear
    (humans have 3)
    Semicircular canals
    help maintain
    balance

    TERMINOLOGY IN ANATOMY

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