and
Minor
Blood Group
System
Major
Other Major
Blood
Blood Groups
Group
1. Lewis
5. Kell
s1.AB
O
2.Rh
2. MNSs 6. Duffy
3. P
7. Kidd
4. I
8. Lutheran
ABO
The most important of all blood
ABO Antibodies
Individuals normally
roduce antibodies
directed against the
Aand/or B antigen(s)
absent from their RBCs
They are naturally
loccuring because they
are produced w/out any
exposure toor colder
RBCs
ABO are predominantly
IgM
Activate complement
React at room
temperature
Formation
of
A,
and
H RedofCgenes
ell at
interaction
Antigens
three separate loci
Rh
The term Rh refers to a specific red blood cell
Other Major
Blood Groups
Lewis (007)
Lewis gene (Le) codes for the
production of fucosyltransferase
enzyme
Le phenotype are acquired by
Erythrocytes by adsorbing Lewis
substances from the plasma, rather
than being membrane-bound
antigens
Are not considered as red cell Ag
Lewis Antigens
Lewis Antibodies
MNSs
glycophorin(GA)
Located on Glycophorin
A
MN Ag
MN antigens differ in
their amino acid residue
at position 1 (M) and
has a Serine and
Glycine while at position
5 (N) and has Leucine
and Glutamic acid
Ss Ag
Located on Glycophorin
B
Both are positioned at
29 of the amino acid
S has Methionine and s
has Threonine
Well developed at birth
Less degraded by
Anti-M
Most are naturally
occuring
Either IgG or IgM
antibody
Usually do not bind
complement
Do not react with
enzyme-treated ells
Are pH dependent,
reacting best at 6.5 and
Glucose dependent
Rarely cause HTR and
HDN
Cold reactive
IgG or
IgM Antibody
Anti-N
Do not bind
complement
Implicated only with
rare cases of HDN
Most are IgG
Seen in renal
Reactive at 37c
patients, who are
Implicated with
dialyzed on
severe HTR with
equipment sterilized Hemoglobinuria and
with formaldehyde
HDN
P
The P blood groups comprised the P, P1, & Pk Ag, &
P1 Antigen
Kell
Immunogenic, K is rate4d second only to D in
terms of immunogenicity
Well developed at birth
Expression very weakon McLeod phenotype cells
Duffy
Fy Antigens
Identified on fetal
Fy Antibodies
best at the
antiglobulin phase
Activity is enhanced
in a low ionoc
strength medium
Do not react with
enzyme-treated red
cells
Associated with HTR,
although hemolysis is
not often severe
Kidd
Jk Antigens
Detected on fetal
Have notorious
Jk
Antibodies
reputation
in the
blood bank
Immune antibodies,
made in rtesponse to
pregnancy or
transfusion
Detected in the
antiglobulin test
Common cause of
HTR,
Associated with
infrequent and mild
cases of HDN
Lutheran (005)
Lua and Lu
b
Antigens
Most are
naturally
Poorly
developed
at
occurring
saline
birth and do
not reach
agglutinins
thatage
react
adult levels until
15
a
Anti-Lu
better at room
temperature than
37C
Few react at 37 C
by indirect
antiglobulin test
May be IgA, IgM or
IgG
Anti-Lu
Minor Blood
Groups
1. Diego
6. Colton
2. Cartwright
7.
Chido/Rodgers
3. Xg
8. Gerbich
4. Scianna
9. Cromer
5. Dombrock
10. Knops
11. Indian
Diego (010)
a
Di antigen has
served as a useful tool in
Cartwright (011)
YT antigens have been located on
Xg (012)
Gene that encodes for the Xg allele is located on the
Scianna (013)
Dombrock (014)
Colton (015)
CO antigens have been located on the
transport protein known as channel-forming
integral protein (CHIP) which forms the
primary erythrocyte water channel and is
reponsible for water permeability
Chido/Rodgers
(017)
CH/RG antigens were associated with the
human leukocytes antigen (HLA) system:
alleles for RG and CH have been located two
closely linked genes known as C4A and C4B
on chromosome 6.
Gerbich (020)
GE antigens are inherited on chromosome 2
and are expressed on glycophorins C (GPC)
and/or D (GPD)
Cromer (021)
Antigens are carried by decay accelerating
factor (DAF), which is involved with the
regulation of complement activation by
accelerating the decay of c3 and c5
convertases
Knops (022)
Alleles for the Kn blood group have been
Indian (023)
IN Antigens are carried on the hematopoietic
isoform of the CD-44 marker, which is known
for its immune adhesion properties