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Fatima zain
bit-08-51
presented to :Sir Ahmed
Tisman Pasha
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Alternative Work Arrangements

Beyond redesigning the nature of the work
itself and involving employees in
decisions, another approach to making the
work environment more motivating is to
alter work arrangements .

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Flextime
A work schedule with variable starting and
ending times, within limits set by ones
manager.
Employees still work the same number of
scheduled hours as they would under a
traditional arrangements.

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Cont..
Today organizations in several countries are
offering flextime options to their
employees because of the benefits it
offers.
Flexibility has enhanced the bottom line .

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Example
IBM has made flexibility a business imperative.
both men and women to work from home and
are better able to response to customers need
and gain control of their lives, leading to superior
performance. 42% of the people working are
Mobile workers .
Furthermore, staff surveys shows that personal
productivity and effectiveness has improved
significantly.
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Advantages
Most of the performance stacks up
favorably .
It reduces absenteeism and frequently
improves worker productivity.
Employees can schedule their work hours
to align with personal demands, which
also reduces tardiness and absence.

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Drawbacks
But it also has some drawbacks:
Major drawback is ; it is not applicable for
every job.
Works where employee interaction with
people outside the department is limited.
Not a viable option for receptionist ,sales
person or similar job for comprehensive
service required.
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An arrangement in
which two or more part-time employees
shares the responsibilities of one full-time
at a pro-rate salary.

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Job sharing
In other words ,two or more persons splits
a 40-hour-a week job.
For example ,one person might perform the
job from 8 am to noon, while another
performs the same job from 1pm to 5 pm
or the two could work full , but alternate
days .

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Cont.
About 31% of large organizations are offer
job sharing to their employees. But it does
not seems to be widely adapted by
employees because of difficulty in finding
the compatible partners to share a job and
the negative perceptions of individuals not
completely committed to their job and
employer.
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Advantages
It allows an organization to draw on the
talents of more than one individual a
given job.
It seems as a potentially humanitarian
means for avoiding layoffs due to over
standing.
it increases flexibility, motivation and
satisfaction.
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Drawback
Its drawback is from management
perspective is finding compatible pairs of
employees who can successfully coordinate the intricacies of one job.

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Telecommuting
Regularly work at
home or at an
alternative worksite
during port or all of a
work schedule.

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It might be close to the ideal job for many

people.
No commuting, flexibility hours, freedom to
dress ,few or no interruptions from
colleagues.
A closely related term virtual office used
for these people.

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Categories
Three categories of telecommuting job:

Routine information-handling task

Mobile activities
Professional and other knowledge-related
tasks
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Telecommuting
Advantages
Disadvantages
larger labor pool
less direct
supervision of
Higher productivity
employees
Less turnover

Difficult to co Improved morale

ordinate teamwork
Reduced officespace cost

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Ability & Opportunity

A way of thinking employees performance
is as a function (f) of the interaction of
ability (A) and motivation (M) that is
performance=f(A x M).we need to add
opportunity to perform (O) to our eq.
performance=(A x M x O).

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Cont
Why an employee not performing well ?
Does an employee have adequate tools,
equipments, materials and supplies ?
Dose the employee have favorable working
conditions ,helpful coworkers ,supportive work
rules and procedures ?

if not , performance will suffer !!

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Employee Involvement
A participative process that uses the input
of employees and is intended to increase
employee commitment to an organizations
success.
If we involve workers in the decision that
affect and increase their autonomy and
control over their work lives, employees
become more motivated, productive and
satisfied.
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Cont.
Three major forms of employee
involvement are :

Participative Management
Representative Participation
Quality Circles

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Participative Management
A process in which subordinates share a
significant degree of decision-making
power with their immediate superiors.

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Representative Participation
A system in which workers participate in
organizational decision making through a
small group of representative employees.

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Two forms of representative participation

are:

Works Councils

Board Representatives

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Works Councils
Works councils are groups of nominated
or elected employees who must be
consulted when management makes
decisions involving personnel.

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Board Representatives
Board representatives are employees who
sit on a companys board of directors and
represent the interests of the firms
employees.

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Quality Circles
A work group of employees who meet
regularly to discuss their quality problems,
investigate causes, recommend solutions,
and take corrective actions.

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Thanks !

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