Lecture 2
White Blood Cells
(Leucocytes)
Lecture Objectives
Count
Types
Site of formation
Life span
Functions
:Types
Granulocytes"( = multi-nuclear or "polys) -1
They show granules under Microscope that
. contain needed materials for their activity
Neutrophils 62 % (in children 40%)
% Eosinophils 2.3
% Basophils 0.4
Mononuclear = A granulocytes- 2
Lymphocytes 30 % (in children 45%)
Monocytes 5.3 %
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Site of formation
Site of formation
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Haemopoiesis Stages in
development of blood cells
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Life span
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Phagocytosis
Definition: Cellular ingestion of the offending
agent.
Most important function of neutrophils and
macrophages.
Selective process.
Phagocytosis is increased if :
Surface of particle is rough
Lacks protective protein coat
Binding of antibodies to antigen
(opsonization)
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Phagoytosis by neutrophils
Phagoytosis
Phagoytosis
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21
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Types of chemotaxis
ve chemotaxis+
ve chemotaxis-
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Types of chemotaxis
ve chemotaxis+
Substance secreted by bacteria leads to
.attraction of neutrophils
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Types of chemotaxis
ve chemotaxis Substance secreted by bacteria leads to
.repulsion of neutrophils
Pus = Dead neutrophils
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Neutrophilia
.Increase the number of neutrophils
.As in infection or tissue damage
Neutropenia
.Decrease the number of neutrophils
As in Depression of BM (bone marrow) or
excessive use of antibiotics
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Basophils
0.5%
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Eosinophils
2%
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Eosinophils
2%
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Leukocytosis
Leukocytosis: is an increase in WBC count
above normal.
Neutrophilia occurs in bacterial infections and
tissue damage (e.g. myocardial infarction).
Eosinophilia occurs in allergic conditions and
parasitic infestation.
Basophilia occurs in allergic conditions.
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Leukaemia
1. A malignant disease of the bone marrow or
lymphoid tissue in which there is
uncontrolled proliferation of white blood
cells.
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Leukaemia
2. It is characterized by a very high WBC
count (may reach to 500,000/mm3) but
these cells are non-functioning and hence
the subject is prone to infections.
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Immunity
Definition: The ability of the body to resist all types of
organisms or toxins that damage the tissues.
Types:
1. Natural (innate)
2. Acquired
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Immunity
Types:
1. Natural (innate): general protective mechanisms
e.g. phagocytosis, acidic secretion and digestive
enzymes of the GIT, resistance of the skin to
invasion, etc...
2. Acquired: the ability to develop powerful
protective mechanisms against specific invading
agents e.g. lethal bacteria and viruses.
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Lymphocytes
30%
1. No phagocytosis
2. Lymphocytes are responsible for acquired
immunity.
3. They are present in lymph nodes and other lymphoid
tissues throughout the body.
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Lymphocytes
30%
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Lymphocytes
30%
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Summary
What are the different types of WBCs?
What is their count and percentage?
What is their role in protecting the body
against infections?
What is leucocytosis? Causes.
What is leucopenia? Causes.
What are the different types of immunity?
What role do lymphocytes play in acquired
immunity?
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