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1. High fuel economy and specific power output

2. Good drivability
3. Extremely low pollution levels
4. Easy maintenance
5. Adaptation to operating and atmospheric conditions

There are two types of electronic injection system

1. Single point fuel injection or throttle body injection or
TBI system
2. Multipoint fuel injection- MPFI system
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Single Point Injection

[Throttle Body Injection] TBI

In this system, a simple

injector injects fuel just
upstream of the throttle
valve, serving all
cylinders

The system is very simple and cheaper

But it creates problems in securing equal distribution of fuel to all
cylinders incase of multi cylinder engines
Fuel particles have a tendency to deposit themselves on the walls of
the manifold during cold starting conditions.
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The system is very simple

and cheaper

Multipoint port injection - MPFI

In this system, the injectors are

located immediately before the
inlet valve of each cylinder.
Generally one injector for every
cylinder.

The relative high temperature inlet valve head helps in

vaporization of fuel particles
The fuel has neither the opportunity to deposit on the walls of
manifold, when cold, nor the chances of non-uniform
distribution in multi-cylinder engines.
The main disadvantage of this system is
Injectors have to be accommodated in the cylinder head and
they have to withstand the high temperatures.
Advantages of port fuel injection: Increased power and torque due to improved volumetric
efficiency (absence of carburetor)
More uniform fuel distribution,
More rapid engine response to changes in throttle position,
Precise control of equivalence ratio during cold starting and
engine warm-up.

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 Spark

plugs

A terminal post on top of the centre electrode is

the connecting point for the spark plug cable.

Current flows through the centre of the plug and

arcs across the air gap between the tip of the
centre electrode to the ground electrode.

The centre electrode is surrounded by the

ceramic insulator.

The steel spark plug shell containing the ground

electrode is crimped over the insulation.

 Spark

Size

Plug Design Factors

14 mm or 18 mm

Reach
Where the spark is placed
in the cylinder

Heat range

Heat dissipation rate

Electrode material

Copper and platinum most common

 Ignition

cables (spark plug cables)

Ignition cables, make up the secondary wiring

and carry the high voltage from the distributor
or the multiple coils to the spark plugs.

The cables contain carbon fibre cores that act

as resistors in the secondary circuit.

They reduce interference, increase firing

voltages, and reduce spark plug wear by
decreasing current.

Spark plug cable construction