Second LACCEI International Latin American and Caribbean Conference for Engineering and Technology
LACCET2004: Challenges and Opportunities for Engineering Education, Research and Development
2-4 June 2004, Miami, Florida, USA
OBJETIVOS
Entender la naturaleza de la metodologa de
TRIZ
Entender la importancia de esta metodologa
para su compaa/organizacin
Comprender la relacin entre TRIZ y el
proceso seis sigma
Comprender cmo utilizar esta metodologa y
qu acciones usted puede tomar para conseguir
resultados
De a su compaa la ventaja de la innovacin
Second LACCEI International Latin American and Caribbean Conference for Engineering and Technology
LACCET2004: Challenges and Opportunities for Engineering Education, Research and Development
2-4 June 2004, Miami, Florida, USA
Copyright Dr. Noel Leon - ITESM
Programa
TRIZ e innovacin
Resultado final ideal
el principio de buscar recursos dentro del sistema
Solucin de problemas con IFR
Second LACCEI International Latin American and Caribbean Conference for Engineering and Technology
LACCET2004: Challenges and Opportunities for Engineering Education, Research and Development
2-4 June 2004, Miami, Florida, USA
Copyright Dr. Noel Leon - ITESM
TRIZ:
Innovacin estructurada
para el milenio
Second LACCEI International Latin American and Caribbean Conference for Engineering and Technology
LACCET2004: Challenges and Opportunities for Engineering Education, Research and Development
2-4 June 2004, Miami, Florida, USA
Copyright Dr. Noel Leon - ITESM
Second LACCEI International Latin American and Caribbean Conference for Engineering and Technology
LACCET2004: Challenges and Opportunities for Engineering Education, Research and Development
2-4 June 2004, Miami, Florida, USA
Copyright Dr. Noel Leon - ITESM
Second LACCEI International Latin American and Caribbean Conference for Engineering and Technology
LACCET2004: Challenges and Opportunities for Engineering Education, Research and Development
2-4 June 2004, Miami, Florida, USA
Copyright Dr. Noel Leon - ITESM
La innovacin y la
creatividad en una
organizacin se perciben
generalmente as:
Second LACCEI International Latin American and Caribbean Conference for Engineering and Technology
LACCET2004: Challenges and Opportunities for Engineering Education, Research and Development
2-4 June 2004, Miami, Florida, USA
Copyright Dr. Noel Leon - ITESM
EUREKA!!
Second LACCEI International Latin American and Caribbean Conference for Engineering and Technology
LACCET2004: Challenges and Opportunities for Engineering Education, Research and Development
2-4 June 2004, Miami, Florida, USA
Copyright Dr. Noel Leon - ITESM
ENIGMTICA
Second LACCEI International Latin American and Caribbean Conference for Engineering and Technology
LACCET2004: Challenges and Opportunities for Engineering Education, Research and Development
2-4 June 2004, Miami, Florida, USA
Copyright Dr. Noel Leon - ITESM
IMPREDECIBLE
Second LACCEI International Latin American and Caribbean Conference for Engineering and Technology
LACCET2004: Challenges and Opportunities for Engineering Education, Research and Development
2-4 June 2004, Miami, Florida, USA
Copyright Dr. Noel Leon - ITESM
10
PRUEBA Y ERROR
Second LACCEI International Latin American and Caribbean Conference for Engineering and Technology
LACCET2004: Challenges and Opportunities for Engineering Education, Research and Development
2-4 June 2004, Miami, Florida, USA
Copyright Dr. Noel Leon - ITESM
11
MSTICA
Second LACCEI International Latin American and Caribbean Conference for Engineering and Technology
LACCET2004: Challenges and Opportunities for Engineering Education, Research and Development
2-4 June 2004, Miami, Florida, USA
Copyright Dr. Noel Leon - ITESM
12
NO ENTRENABLE
Second LACCEI International Latin American and Caribbean Conference for Engineering and Technology
LACCET2004: Challenges and Opportunities for Engineering Education, Research and Development
2-4 June 2004, Miami, Florida, USA
Copyright Dr. Noel Leon - ITESM
13
Creatividad como
Ciencia Exacta
La empresa moderna necesita un amplificador
en las fases de la resolucin y generacin de
ideas de modo que conviertan la creatividad
y la innovacin:
fiable
reproducible
un competencia bsica
una actividad cotidiana
14
15
Caracterstica de los
negocios hoy en da
Se produce una constante diversificacin de los
productos en el mercado, debido a:
Rpida aceleracin de la innovacin
tecnolgica
Ciclos de vida reducida de los productos
Diversificacin de las necesidades de los
clientes
Second LACCEI International Latin American and Caribbean Conference for Engineering and Technology
LACCET2004: Challenges and Opportunities for Engineering Education, Research and Development
2-4 June 2004, Miami, Florida, USA
Copyright Dr. Noel Leon - ITESM
16
Flujo monetario
Importancia de
controlar el ciclo de la
innovacin
Ocurrencia de
Oportunidad
PERIODO DE
GANANCIAS
NETAS
Liberacin a
Produccin
Primer
Cliente
Satisfecho
Punto de
equilibrio
Obsolescencia
del Producto
Tiempo
17
Porqu TRIZ?
Impacto positivo de TRIZ en una organizacin
Mtodos Avanzados de TRIZ
Solucione los Problemas "Insuperables"
Prediccin/Anlisis de Fallas
Desarrollo de nuevos productos
Prediccin, produccin y proteccin futuros productos
Pronstico Tecnolgico
18
EL PROCESO DE
INNOVACIN HOY EN
DA
Identificar
el problema
Formular
el problema
Desarrollar
Conceptos
Evaluar
Estudios de
QFD
Tormenta de
Diseo
Prueba y error
confiabilidad
ideas
Robusto
Investigacin
de mercado TCNICAS AMPLIAMENTE USADAS
Second LACCEI International Latin American and Caribbean Conference for Engineering and Technology
LACCET2004: Challenges and Opportunities for Engineering Education, Research and Development
2-4 June 2004, Miami, Florida, USA
Copyright Dr. Noel Leon - ITESM
Implementar
CAD/
CAM/
CAE
Anlisis de
confiabilidad
19
TRIZ
Es una metodologa sistemtica
para convertir la creatividad y la
innovacin en un sistema de
principios y de algoritmos
Second LACCEI International Latin American and Caribbean Conference for Engineering and Technology
LACCET2004: Challenges and Opportunities for Engineering Education, Research and Development
2-4 June 2004, Miami, Florida, USA
Copyright Dr. Noel Leon - ITESM
20
Historia y Estado
del Arte
Escuela
defunda
Kishinev
: Boris privada
Zlotin yde
Alla
Zusman
1982 Se
la escuela
TRIZ
Escuela de Minsk: Valeri Tsurikov
1990-1992 Se introduce TRIZ en Estados
Unidos
1994 Se introduce TRIZ en Mxico a travs de
ITESM
Second LACCEI International
Latin American and Caribbean Conference for Engineering and Technology
LACCET2004: Challenges and Opportunities for Engineering Education, Research and Development
2-4 June 2004, Miami, Florida, USA
Copyright Dr. Noel Leon - ITESM
21
Porqu TRIZ?
Impacto positivo de TRIZ en una organizacin
La innovacin se reduce a un proceso algortmico
Herramientas Bsicas de Solucionar Problemas de TRIZ
Solucin de Problemas Mejorada
Los asociados piensan en un nivel ms alto de
abstraccin (realza creatividad)
Mejora de Procesos
Ms soluciones innovadoras
Reduccin de costos
Reduccin de riesgos
Repetitividad de resultados
Second LACCEI International Latin American and Caribbean Conference for Engineering and Technology
LACCET2004: Challenges and Opportunities for Engineering Education, Research and Development
2-4 June 2004, Miami, Florida, USA
Copyright Dr. Noel Leon - ITESM
22
PROCESO DE
DESARROLLO DE
PRODUCTOS
El futuro de una corporacin se basa en la capacidad de
crear productos innovadores y de llevarlos al mercado.
El proceso de desarrollo de productos utiliza los
siguientes soportes del proceso:
23
Un conjunto EXHAUSTIVO
de opciones
Desarrollo
rpido del
conocimient
o prctico
Punto de
Decisin
Mto
Punto de
Inicio
nal
o
i
c
n
nve
o
c
s
do
es
Fecha para
la toma de decisin
Plazo
Prctico
Second LACCEI International Latin American and Caribbean Conference for Engineering and Technology
LACCET2004: Challenges and Opportunities for Engineering Education, Research and Development
2-4 June 2004, Miami, Florida, USA
Copyright Dr. Noel Leon - ITESM
Tiempo
La Lluvia de ideas en la
SOLUCIN DE PROBLEMAS
s
ante
i
r
a
V
te
n
a
ri
Va
Concepto 4
Concepto 3
Concepto 2
r
Va
te
i an
Vector de
Inercia
Psicolgica
..
..
te
n
a
ri
Va
Variantes
Concepto N-1
tes
Varian
Concepto 1
roblema
Concepto N
Second LACCEI International Latin American and Caribbean Conference for Engineering and Technology
LACCET2004: Challenges and Opportunities for Engineering Education, Research and Development
2-4 June 2004, Miami, Florida, USA
Copyright Dr. Noel Leon - ITESM
olucin
EL PROBLEMA DE LA INERCIA
PSICOLOGICA
Efectos
Mecnicos y
Tecnologa
Termodinmica
P
Efectos
Qumicos y
Tecnologa
roblema
Efectos
Magnticos,
Elctricos y
S Tecnologa
olucin
Second LACCEI International Latin American and Caribbean Conference for Engineering and Technology
LACCET2004: Challenges and Opportunities for Engineering Education, Research and Development
2-4 June 2004, Miami, Florida, USA
Copyright Dr. Noel Leon - ITESM
NIVELES DE
SOLUCIN
NIVEL 1: Elemental (sin invencin)
Soluciones establecidas
Muy bien conocidas y rpidamente accesibles
NIVEL 2: Mejora
Pequeas mejoras de un sistema existente, usualmente con algn
compromiso
NIVEL 5: Descubrimiento
Invencin pionera de un sistema esencialmente nuevo
Second LACCEI International Latin American and Caribbean Conference for Engineering and Technology
LACCET2004: Challenges and Opportunities for Engineering Education, Research and Development
2-4 June 2004, Miami, Florida, USA
Copyright Dr. Noel Leon - ITESM
1
2
3
4
5
Se deben considerar
todas estas soluciones
Solucin Elemental
Mejora
Invencin dentro del paradigma
Invencin fuera del paradigma
Descubrimiento
10
100
1,000
100,000
1,000,000
Creatividad como
Ciencia Exacta
La empresa moderna necesita un soporte en las fases de
generacin de las ideas para la solucin de problemas,
de modo que se conviertan en creatividad e innovacin:
fiable
reproducible
una competencia bsica
algo cotidiano
Este amplificador es TRIZ
Second LACCEI International Latin American and Caribbean Conference for Engineering and Technology
LACCET2004: Challenges and Opportunities for Engineering Education, Research and Development
2-4 June 2004, Miami, Florida, USA
Copyright Dr. Noel Leon - ITESM
29
Porqu una
metodologa ms?
Seis sigma asume que la
solucin al problema es
inherente a si mismo
... DMAIC y DMADV
asumen que las ideas
innovadoras son la base para
la mejora...
Qu tal si estas asunciones
son incorrectas?
Los mtodos existentes de
creatividad se fundamentan
solo emocionalmente
Second LACCEI International Latin American and Caribbean Conference for Engineering and Technology
LACCET2004: Challenges and Opportunities for Engineering Education, Research and Development
2-4 June 2004, Miami, Florida, USA
Copyright Dr. Noel Leon - ITESM
30
Conflictos personales
Presin de los pares
Niveles de energa
Necesidades dietticas
Dinmicas de equipo
Habilidades de comunicacin
Second LACCEI International Latin American and Caribbean Conference for Engineering and Technology
LACCET2004: Challenges and Opportunities for Engineering Education, Research and Development
2-4 June 2004, Miami, Florida, USA
Copyright Dr. Noel Leon - ITESM
31
Diagramas Campo-Sustancia
Los 40 principios inventiva
Definicin estructurada de problemas
Identificacin de la contradiccin
Los principios de separacin
Algoritmo para la solucin de problemas de inventiva
Second LACCEI International Latin American and Caribbean Conference for Engineering and Technology
LACCET2004: Challenges and Opportunities for Engineering Education, Research and Development
2-4 June 2004, Miami, Florida, USA
Copyright Dr. Noel Leon - ITESM
32
Porqu TRIZ?
TRIZ, mediante pasos definidos disminuye la prueba y error
TRIZ ayuda a superar las barreras a la innovacin
TRIZ est concebido para superar la inercia psicolgica (I.P.)
I.P. se basa en:
Paradigmas, hbitos, educacin, xitos anteriores, fallas anteriores,
I.P: nos aleja de la solucin, impide a menudo el reconocimiento del problema
y su clarificacin, crea barreras, complica la toma de decisiones
Second LACCEI International Latin American and Caribbean Conference for Engineering and Technology
LACCET2004: Challenges and Opportunities for Engineering Education, Research and Development
2-4 June 2004, Miami, Florida, USA
Copyright Dr. Noel Leon - ITESM
33
Porqu TRIZ?
34
Espacio de solucin
para una persona
S
P
Lmite del
conocimiento
S
Lmites de
presunciones
La mejor
solucin
Restricciones
reales lmites
Second LACCEI International Latin American and Caribbean Conference for Engineering and Technology
LACCET2004: Challenges and Opportunities for Engineering Education, Research and Development
2-4 June 2004, Miami, Florida, USA
Copyright Dr. Noel Leon - ITESM
35
Second LACCEI International Latin American and Caribbean Conference for Engineering and Technology
LACCET2004: Challenges and Opportunities for Engineering Education, Research and Development
2-4 June 2004, Miami, Florida, USA
Copyright Dr. Noel Leon - ITESM
36
Principios Fundamentales:
Introduccin al mtodo de
TRIZ
Idealidad y Resultado Final Ideal
La Contradiccin
Patrones de Evolucin
Second LACCEI International Latin American and Caribbean Conference for Engineering and Technology
LACCET2004: Challenges and Opportunities for Engineering Education, Research and Development
2-4 June 2004, Miami, Florida, USA
Copyright Dr. Noel Leon - ITESM
37
Second LACCEI International Latin American and Caribbean Conference for Engineering and Technology
LACCET2004: Challenges and Opportunities for Engineering Education, Research and Development
2-4 June 2004, Miami, Florida, USA
38
Second LACCEI International Latin American and Caribbean Conference for Engineering and Technology
LACCET2004: Challenges and Opportunities for Engineering Education, Research and Development
2-4 June 2004, Miami, Florida, USA
Copyright Dr. Noel Leon - ITESM
39
40
Incremento de la
Idealidad
IDEALIDAD
FUNCIONES
PERJUDICIALES
+ S$
Second LACCEI International Latin American and Caribbean Conference for Engineering and Technology
LACCET2004: Challenges and Opportunities for Engineering Education, Research and Development
2-4 June 2004, Miami, Florida, USA
Copyright Dr. Noel Leon - ITESM
41
Second LACCEI International Latin American and Caribbean Conference for Engineering and Technology
LACCET2004: Challenges and Opportunities for Engineering Education, Research and Development
2-4 June 2004, Miami, Florida, USA
Copyright Dr. Noel Leon - ITESM
42
Enfoque de Idealidad
TRIZ proporciona dos enfoques generales para el
desarrollo de soluciones cercanas a lo ideal, es
decir, soluciones que no incrementan la
complejidad del sistema:
1. Un sistema ideal lleva a cabo una funcin requerida
sin existir en realidad.
2. La funcin se lleva a cabo sin necesidad de nuevos
recursos; usando recursos existentes: efectos
fsicos, qumicos, geomtricos, etc.
Second LACCEI International Latin American and Caribbean Conference for Engineering and Technology
LACCET2004: Challenges and Opportunities for Engineering Education, Research and Development
2-4 June 2004, Miami, Florida, USA
Copyright Dr. Noel Leon - ITESM
43
La Idealidad mide el
progreso hacia el RFI
Resultado
Final
Ideal
RFI
Inicio
Solucin
Convencional
Solucin
Inventiva
No efectos dainos
No Costos
Satisface los
requerimientos del
cliente
Second LACCEI International Latin American and Caribbean Conference for Engineering and Technology
LACCET2004: Challenges and Opportunities for Engineering Education, Research and Development
2-4 June 2004, Miami, Florida, USA
Copyright Dr. Noel Leon - ITESM
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Evolucin
Enfocada al
Incremento de la
Idealidad
IDEALIDAD
=
Second LACCEI International Latin American and Caribbean Conference for Engineering and Technology
LACCET2004: Challenges and Opportunities for Engineering Education, Research and Development
2-4 June 2004, Miami, Florida, USA
Copyright Dr. Noel Leon - ITESM
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EJEMPLO: FRENADO DE UN
ROLLO DE SOLDADORA
AUTOMTICA
Second LACCEI International Latin American and Caribbean Conference for Engineering and Technology
LACCET2004: Challenges and Opportunities for Engineering Education, Research and Development
2-4 June 2004, Miami, Florida, USA
Copyright Dr. Noel Leon - ITESM
EJEMPLO: FRENADO DE UN
ROLLO DE SOLDADORA
AUTOMTICA
Solucin: La flecha del carrete giratorio se
puede arreglar con una ranura a un ngulo
de uno a diez grados respecto al plano
horizontal.
Cuando se interrumpe la fuerza que jala el
alambre, la flecha retorna a la posicin ms
baja, y la superficie del carrete se presiona
contra el freno por su propio peso. Cuando
el alambre se tensiona, la flecha del carrete
se mueve a lo largo de la ranura y se aleja
del freno.
Second LACCEI International Latin American and Caribbean Conference for Engineering and Technology
LACCET2004: Challenges and Opportunities for Engineering Education, Research and Development
2-4 June 2004, Miami, Florida, USA
Copyright Dr. Noel Leon - ITESM
Second LACCEI International Latin American and Caribbean Conference for Engineering and Technology
LACCET2004: Challenges and Opportunities for Engineering Education, Research and Development
2-4 June 2004, Miami, Florida, USA
Copyright Dr. Noel Leon - ITESM
Second LACCEI International Latin American and Caribbean Conference for Engineering and Technology
LACCET2004: Challenges and Opportunities for Engineering Education, Research and Development
2-4 June 2004, Miami, Florida, USA
Copyright Dr. Noel Leon - ITESM
EJEMPLO: Extrusin
de latas de aluminio
Las latas de aluminio
son extrudidas
mediante un dado de
acero cilndrico.
El problema es que es
difcil quitar las latas
del dado cilndrico una
vez extrudidas.
Second LACCEI International Latin American and Caribbean Conference for Engineering and Technology
LACCET2004: Challenges and Opportunities for Engineering Education, Research and Development
2-4 June 2004, Miami, Florida, USA
Copyright Dr. Noel Leon - ITESM
EJEMPLO: USANDO UN
DADO ENROLLADO
Para resolver este problema, el dado
puede hacerse de un rollo de hojas de
acero flexibles.
La capa exterior se suelda a la capa
siguiente del rollo de manera que la
parte exterior del rollo forme el
cilindro deseado.
Despus de que se completa la
extrusin, el sistema se enrolla en las
capas interiores. La capa exterior
disminuye su dimetro y las latas se
pueden remover fcilmente.
Second LACCEI International Latin American and Caribbean Conference for Engineering and Technology
LACCET2004: Challenges and Opportunities for Engineering Education, Research and Development
2-4 June 2004, Miami, Florida, USA
Copyright Dr. Noel Leon - ITESM
EJEMPLO: TRANSPORTE DE
BOBINAS
Debido a los requerimientos de carga, las
grandes bobinas de alambre o cuerda
deben ser transportadas en trenes,
apoyadas en forma vertical. Sin
embargo, en sta posicin las bobinas
pueden girar debido al desplazamiento
del tren, y debido a esto las paredes de las
bobinas se daan. Para evitar que las
bobinas giren, se deben hacer e instalar
soportes de madera especiales.
Second LACCEI International Latin American and Caribbean Conference for Engineering and Technology
LACCET2004: Challenges and Opportunities for Engineering Education, Research and Development
2-4 June 2004, Miami, Florida, USA
Copyright Dr. Noel Leon - ITESM
EJEMPLO: TRANSPORTE
DE BOBINAS
Un mtodo alterno para prevenir
que giren es, simplemente, unir
dos bobinas adyacentes con uno
o dos tablones.
Second LACCEI International Latin American and Caribbean Conference for Engineering and Technology
LACCET2004: Challenges and Opportunities for Engineering Education, Research and Development
2-4 June 2004, Miami, Florida, USA
Copyright Dr. Noel Leon - ITESM
EJEMPLO:
TRANSPORTE DE
BOBINAS
Tablones cortos
reducen los costos
Second LACCEI International Latin American and Caribbean Conference for Engineering and Technology
LACCET2004: Challenges and Opportunities for Engineering Education, Research and Development
2-4 June 2004, Miami, Florida, USA
Copyright Dr. Noel Leon - ITESM
Elemento
s TRIZ
Codificar, Clasificar,
Contradicciones.
Solucionar
Problemas
Resultado
Final Ideal
Patrones y Lneas
de Evolucin
Modelos
SF
ARIZ
Idealidad
Elementos
Terciarios
Anlisis
de
Subversi
n
Pequeos
hombrecillos
Bardas de
patentes
Efectos
Fsicos
Second LACCEI International Latin American and Caribbean Conference for Engineering and Technology
LACCET2004: Challenges and Opportunities for Engineering Education, Research and Development
2-4 June 2004, Miami, Florida, USA
Copyright Dr. Noel Leon - ITESM
55
Teora de Contradicciones
Second LACCEI International Latin American and Caribbean Conference for Engineering and Technology
LACCET2004: Challenges and Opportunities for Engineering Education, Research and Development
2-4 June 2004, Miami, Florida, USA
56
Second LACCEI International Latin American and Caribbean Conference for Engineering and Technology
LACCET2004: Challenges and Opportunities for Engineering Education, Research and Development
2-4 June 2004, Miami, Florida, USA
Copyright Dr. Noel Leon - ITESM
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Principios Fundamentales de
TRIZ
(Teora de Contradicciones)
Todos los problemas inventivos implican la
resolucin de contradicciones tcnicas o
fsicas
Ventajas:
Identifica las contradicciones
Dirige el pensamiento a la utilizacin de las soluciones
generales de inventiva
Utilizacin de nuevos" efectos cientficos
Incrementa la densidad y fuerza de las soluciones
Second LACCEI International Latin American and Caribbean Conference for Engineering and Technology
LACCET2004: Challenges and Opportunities for Engineering Education, Research and Development
2-4 June 2004, Miami, Florida, USA
Copyright Dr. Noel Leon - ITESM
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Problema
Problema
anlogo
anlogo general
general
Solucin
Solucin general
general
anloga
anloga
Problema
Problema
especfico
especfico
Solucin
Solucin
al
al problema
problema
especfico
especfico
m
e
t
s
i
a
c
i
t
aX2 +bX +c
S
n Resolver
=0
In
c
a
v
o
n
b b 2 4ac
X
2a
Abstraer
Particulari
zar
X =-3,
X +X - 6 =0
2
Prueba y
error
X=2
Second LACCEI International Latin American and Caribbean Conference for Engineering and Technology
LACCET2004: Challenges and Opportunities for Engineering Education, Research and Development
2-4 June 2004, Miami, Florida, USA
Copyright Dr. Noel Leon - ITESM
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Ejercicios de
solucin de
problemas de
inventiva
Aplicacin de principios de inventiva
generales a la solucin de problemas.
Second LACCEI International Latin American and Caribbean Conference for Engineering and Technology
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LACCET2004: Challenges and Opportunities for Engineering Education, Research and Development
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2. Falta de Aceite en
un Tanque
En un carro tanque de 3000 litros se identific que estaban
faltando sistemticamente 20-30 litros al momento de
descarga.
Se analiz detenidamente la situacin:
Se verificaron instrumentos de medicin => OK.
Se verific que no hubiera fugas.
Se analiz si la pequea capa de aceite que quedaba impregnada
en las paredes poda ser la causa => NO.
Se analiz una posible variacin por dilatacin trmica.
Se sospech del conductor y se le sigui durante la trayectoria de
entrega => NADA.
63
3. Cortando tubos
soldados (1)
En la produccin de tubos soldados en una mquina
roladora-soldadora continua, estos se cortan a una
longitud de 12 pies, mediante un mecanismo de corte que
viaja conjuntamente con los tubos a una velocidad de 2
pies/sec. Cada vez que se corta un tubo el mecanismo se
regresa 12 pies y comienza un nuevo ciclo de corte.
Este principio funciona correctamente. Pero si se desea
incrementar la productividad de la mquina y que su
velocidad se incremente, por ejemplo al doble, la
velocidad de corte es insuficiente.
Second LACCEI International Latin American and Caribbean Conference for Engineering and Technology
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2-4 June 2004, Miami, Florida, USA
Copyright Dr. Noel Leon - ITESM
64
65
4. Poniendo un resorte
comprimido dentro de un
dispositivo
Se requiere poner un resorte comprimido dentro de un
dispositivo, pero que este quede libre despus de
introducirlo.
En ocasiones el proceso se puede realizar ayudando el
proceso de compresin y ensamble con otro(s)
componente(s).
Sin embargo, en algunos casos comprimir el resorte con
otros componentes durante el ensamble, dificulta dicho
proceso y lo hace muy complicado.
Tip: Cambiando el estado fsico de una sustancia.
Second LACCEI International Latin American and Caribbean Conference for Engineering and Technology
LACCET2004: Challenges and Opportunities for Engineering Education, Research and Development
2-4 June 2004, Miami, Florida, USA
Copyright Dr. Noel Leon - ITESM
66
5. Manufacturando
filtros de vidrio
Se requiere manufacturar filtros de vidrio de 1m de
dimetro y 2m de altura, con agujeros de 1 cm
(Ver figura)
Second LACCEI International Latin American and Caribbean Conference for Engineering and Technology
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6. Probar material de
probetas
Para comprobar la resistencia a cidos, se fabrican
probetas que se introducen en cido durante cierto tiempo
para luego analizar el efecto del cido en su superficie.
El contenedor del cido para las pruebas es problemtico
y caro.
Encuentre una forma mas econmica de realizar las
pruebas.
Tip: Hacerlo al revs.
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Problema de la Destruccin
del Contenedor
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Problema de la Destruccin
del Contenedor
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Problema de la Destruccin
del Contenedor
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7. Quitar virutas de
hierro de un imn
permanente
En un imn permanente de gran tamao (d= 1m, h= 2m),
cayeron accidentalmente virutas de hierro (d=0.1 mm).
Quitar estas virutas se hace complicado. La superficie
pulida del imn se puede daar si se raspa.
Encuentre un mtodo confiable y eficaz para quitar las
virutas.
Tip: Utilizar materiales auxiliares.
Diagramas Campo-sustancia.
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8. Identificar si un rifle
fue disparado una
semana antes
Encuentre un mtodo eficaz de determinar si un rifle
fue disparado, habiendo transcurrido una semana de
tiempo desde el momento en que pudo haber sido
disparado.
El rifle fue limpiado cuidadosamente de forma que
cualquier residuo de plvora o carbn fue eliminado.
Tip: Propiedades fsicas.
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9. Hielo en lneas de
transmisin elctricas
Durante el invierno en pases fros se corre el riesgo de
que se forme hielo alrededor de las lneas de transmisin
elctricas y el peso del hielo provoque roturas de dichas
lneas.
Si se utiliza una lnea cuya resistencia produzca calor, las
prdidas de energa son demasiado grandes. Adems,
durante el verano el calentamiento puede ser excesivo.
Poner anillos de ferrita cada cierta distancia, provoca calor
por induccin magntica, pero este tambin ocurre durante
el verano.
Encuentre un principio fsico que permita evitar el
calentamiento en verano.
Tip: Propiedades magnticas.
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Contradiccin Tcnica
A
B
Parmetro A mejora
Parmetro B se deteriora
Temperatura
vs.
Desperdicio de Energa
Cantidad de Sustancia
vs.
Confiabilidad,
La invencin supera la contradiccin,
mejorando ambos
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Resolucin de una CT
La solucin de una CT sigue un algoritmo simple:
2
Problema Genrico
(MCT)
40 Principios
(MCT)
Solucin Genrica
(MCT)
Pensamiento
Analgico
39 Parmetros
(MCT)
1
Problema
Especfico
Solucin
Especfica
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40 Principios Inventivos
1 Segmentacin
13 Inversin
2 Extraccin
14 Esferoidalidad
3 Calidad local
15 Dinamicidad
4 Asimetra
5 Combinacin
6 Universalidad
18 Vibracin mecnica
7 Anidacin
19 Accin peridica
8 Contrapeso
9 Reaccin previa
21 Despachar rpidamente
10 Accin previa
11 Amortiguamiento Anticipado
23 Retroalimentacin
12 Equipotencialidad
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40 Principios Inventivos
24 Mediador
25 Autoservicio
32 Cambio de color
33 Homogeneidad
26 Copiado
34 Restauracin y regeneracin de
partes
28 Reemplazo de sistemas
mecnicos
36 Transicin de fase
37 Expansin trmica
38 Uso de oxidantes fuertes
39 Medio ambiente inerte
40 Materiales compuestos
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Parmetros de Altshuller
1 Peso de un objeto en
movimiento
10 Fuerza
12 Forma
3 Longitud de un objeto en
movimiento
4 Longitud de un objeto sin
movimiento
5 rea de un objeto en
movimiento
6 rea de un objeto sin
movimiento
7 Volumen de un objeto en
movimiento
8 Volumen de un objeto sin
movimiento
9 Velocidad
11 Tensin, presin
13 Estabilidad de un objeto
14 Resistencia
15 Durabilidad de un
objeto en movimiento
16 Durabilidad de un
objeto sin movimiento
17 Temperatura
18 Brillo
19 Energa gastada por un
objeto en movimiento
20 Energa gastada por un
objeto sin movimiento
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Parmetros de Altshuller
21 Potencia
22 Desperdicio de energa
32 Manufacturabilidad
23 Desperdicio de sustancia
33 Conveniencia de uso
24 Prdida de informacin
34 Reparabilidad
25 Desperdicio de tiempo
26 Cantidad de sustancia
35 Adaptabilidad
27 Confiabilidad
36 Complejidad de un mecanismo
28 Precisin de mediciones
37 Complejidad de control
29 Precisin de manufactura
38 Nivel de automatizacin
39 Productividad
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Tabla de Contradicciones
2
*
*
38
39
Peso de un objeto en
movimiento
**
14
28,27
18,40
**
**
38
39
Productividad
**
Nivel de automatizacin
Resistencia
Caracterstica
a mejorar
Peso de un objeto en
movimiento
Peso de un objeto sin
movimiento
Resultado
no deseable
(Caracterstica
degradada)
Contradicciones posibles
representadas en una tabla de 39 X 39
Las intersecciones de renglones
y columnas en contradiccin son
referencias a los 40 principios de
inventiva para la eliminacin de
contradicciones
Productividad
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Principio Inventivo
1 SEGMENTACIN
divide el objeto en piezas independientes que sean fciles
de desmontar,
aumenta el grado de segmentacin tanto como sea posible
Ejemplos:
dividir los muebles en segmentos modulares,
componentes modulares de computadora,
mangueras del jardn puede ser ensamblado para formar
una longitud ms larga
Reglas plegables
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Tabla de Contradicciones
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Principio Inventivo
Principio de la solucin opuesta
que desuelda con nitrgeno lquido
Los componentes en tarjetas de prototipos
pueden tener que ser soldado y desoldado en
varias ocasiones. Pero los dispositivos del
circuito integrado y otros componentes se
pueden daar por el calor usado en la
desoldadura.
Un mtodo alternativo para quitar componentes
es tocar cada empalme soldado con una punta de
prueba enfriada por el nitrgeno lquido.
Cuando es enfriada por esta punta, la soldadura
cambia el estado, de blanco a gris - y aumenta
en volumen en 27 por ciento. La soldadura se
convierte en un polvo gris fino que se puede
sacudir simplemente.
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Contradicciones
Fsicas
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A
A
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Principios de Separacin
TRIZ busca eliminar las contradicciones fsicas por
separacin de los requerimientos contradictorios:
1 Separacin en el espacio
2 Separacin en el tiempo
3 Separacin entre las partes y el todo
4 Separacin de acuerdo a alguna condicin
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Separacin en el Tiempo
Una caracterstica se hace grande en determinado momento y
pequea a otro
Una caracterstica se presenta en determinado momento y se
ausenta en a otro
Ejemplo 1:
1 Los pilares de concreto deben ser puntiagudos para
enterrarlos fcilmente pero no deben ser puntiagudos para soportar una
carga
=> Se hacen con puntas en pico, las cuales, despus de ser insertadas,
se destruyen mediante un explosivo interno
Ejemplo 2: Considerando el problema de la acumulacin de arena de
abrasin
=> usar granitos de hielo seco como abrasivo Despus de que se hace
el efecto de abrasin, los granitos simplemente desaparecen por
sublimacin
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SI SI
SI SI
SI SI SI
SI SI
SI SI SI SI SI SI
SI SI
SI SI SI
SI SI
SI SI
SI SI SI
SI
SI
SI
SI
SI
SI
SI
SI
SI
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Separacin de Acuerdo a la
Condicin
Una caracterstica es alta dentro de una condicin y baja
dentro de otra
Una caracterstica est presente dentro de una condicin
y ausente en la otra
Ejemplo : El agua es suave cuando se entra en ella a
baja velocidad Sin embargo, si alguien salta en la misma
cantidad de agua de una altura de 10 metros, el agua se
siente considerablemente dura
De este modo, la velocidad de la interaccin de los
cuerpos con el agua es la condicin a ser considerada
cuando se aplica este principio
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Resolucin de una CF
Algoritmo para la solucin de
una contradiccin fsica
2
Identifique-bipolaridad,
D
Separacin y/o
Modelos S-F
y/o efectos cientficos
y anti-D
Use principios de
Problema
Especfico
Solucin
Especfic
a
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99
jemplo
Separacin en el Espacio
En el niquelado de piezas, el incremento de la
temperatura es necesario solo en las
proximidades de estas:
=> las piezas mismas pueden ser calentadas, en
lugar de calentar la solucin
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Contradicciones Fsicas
Una caracterstica debe ser alta y baja (auto-opuesta)
Ejemplo 1: Un ala de aeroplano debera tener un rea grande para
un despegue fcil y pequea para alta velocidad
Ejemplo 2: Una punta de pluma debera ser aguda para dibujar
lneas finas, pero chata para evitar romper el papel
101
Convirtiendo
Contradicciones Tcnicas
a Contradicciones Fsicas
A
Contradiccin
Tcnica
Parmetro de Control, C
As que:
C debera ser alto, y
C debera ser bajo
Contradiccin
Fsica
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Convirtiendo Contradicciones
Tcnicas
Contradiccin
a Contradicciones
Tcnica:
Fsicas
103
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EL VALOR AGREGADO
DE TRIZ
Identificar
el problema
Formular
el problema
Desarrollar
Conceptos
Evaluar
Implementar
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DEFINIR
Estudio de
confiabilidad
MEDIR
ANALIZAR
QFD
Anlisis
Paramtrico
DISEAR
TRIZ
Lluvia de
ideas
Diseo
Robusto
VERIFICAR
CAD/
CAM/
CAE
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DFMA
106
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SISTEMTICO
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FIABLE
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PRCTICO
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CIENTFICO
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ENTRENABLE
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Informacin Adicional
The TRIZ Journal www.triz-journal.com
TRIZ: The Right Solution at the Right Time,
by Dr. Yuri Salamatov. Edited by Dr. Valeri
Souchkov and Dr. Michael Slocum.
Insytec B.V. 1999. ISBN 90-804680-1-0
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Porqu TRIZ?
Impacto positivo de TRIZ en una organizacin
La innovacin se reduce a un proceso algortmico
Herramientas Bsicas de Solucionar Problemas de TRIZ
Solucin de Problemas Mejorada
Los asociados piensan en un nivel ms alto de
abstraccin (realza creatividad)
Mejora de Procesos
Ms soluciones innovadoras
Reduccin de costos
Reduccin de riesgos
Repetitividad de resultados
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