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EFFECTIVE LEADERSHIP
Learning Focus
What is leadership, and why is it important?
Where do leaders learn to lead, and what do people want

in a leader?
What are the satisfactions and frustrations of leadership?
What are the elements of caring leadership?

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LEADERSHIP EXCELLENCE
Leadership excellence requires the ability to:
Attract capable people
Motivate them to put forth their best effort
Solve problems that arise

These are difficult tasks,

which helps explain why

effective leadership
is so rare
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EFFECTIVE LEADERSHIP
Leadership:

The ability to inspire confidence and

support among the people who are needed

to achieve organizational goals

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LEADERSHIP INTERACTIONAL
FOLLOWER
FRAMEWORK

SITUATION

Task, Stress
& Environment

Values, Norms,
Cohesiveness
etc

Personality, Position,
Expertise

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LEADER
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Leadership Interactional Framework

Depicts leadership as a function of three

elements:
The leader
The followers
The situation

A particular leadership situation scenario can be is

best understood by examining or analyzing the
interactions in the area of overlaps.

Leadership is the result of complex interactions

among the leader, the followers, and the situation.

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The Leader
Aspects of the leadership equation:

Unique personal history

Interests
Character traits
Motivation

Effective leaders differ from their

followers, and from ineffective leaders on
elements such as:
Personality traits, cognitive abilities
Skills, values

Personality can affect leadership through

temperament.
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The Leader

Leaders appointed by superiors may have less

credibility and may get less loyalty.

Dilberts Leadership Principle

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The Leader
Leaders

elected or emerging by consensus

from ranks of followers are seen as more
effective.
A

leaders experience or history in a particular

organization is usually important to her or his
effectiveness.
The

extent of follower participation in leaders

selection may affect a leaders

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legitimacy.
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LEADERSHIP
Leadership as Partnership
oLeadership is a long-term relationship, or
partnership, between leaders and group members.

oThe power between leader and group members is

approximately balanced.

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The Followers

Aspects of followers which affect the

leadership process:

Expectations
Personality traits
Maturity levels
Levels of competence
Motivation

Workers who share a leaders goals and

values will be more motivated to do their
work.

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The Followers

The number of followers reporting to a leader can have significant

implications.

Other relevant variables

include:
Followers trust
Followers confidence

or lack thereof in
leaders interest in
their well-being.

Low follower
confidence
!
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Changing Roles for Followers

The leader-follower relationship is in a period of

dynamic change.
Increased pressure to function with reduced

resources.
Trend toward greater power sharing and

decentralized authority in organizations.

Increase in complex problems and rapid changes.

Followers can become much more proactive in

their stance toward organizational problems.

Followers can become better skilled at influencing

upward, flexible and open to opportunities.

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The Situation

Leadership often makes

Youve got to give loyalty

sense only in the context
down, if you want loyalty up.
of how the leader and

followers interact in

~ Donald T. Regan,

Former CEO and White House, Chief of

Staff

a given situation.

The situation may be the most

ambiguous aspect of the leadership
framework.
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Leader-Follower-Situation
Interactions

Leaders create environments where

followers innovations and creative
contributions are welcomed.

Leaders encourage growth and development

in their followers beyond the scope of the
job.

Leaders are generally more interested in the

big picture of followers work than managers.

Leaders motivate followers through more

personal and intangible factors.

Leaders redefine the parameters of tasks and

responsibilities.
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Leadership as Partnership
To

have a successful partnership:

Common purpose
Freedom to say No
Joint accountability
Honest relationships

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Learning to Lead: What People Want

Where

do leaders learn to lead?

#1 is from experience
Often sink or swim

#2 is from examples or models

They show both what to do and what to avoid

#3 is from books and school

Includes formal education, seminars, and professional reading

What

people want most in a leader:

Integrity, also known as honesty

Job knowledge
People-building skills welfare of soldiers
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Leader Satisfactions and

Frustrations
Satisfactions
A feeling of power and prestige
A chance to help others
High income
Respect and status
Opportunities for advancement
A feeling of being in a position of knowledge
An opportunity to control money and other resources

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Leader Satisfactions and

Frustrations
Frustrations
Too much uncompensated work time
Too many problems
No enough authority to carry out responsibility
Loneliness
Too many problems involving people
Organizational politics
The pursuit of conflicting goals

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Caring Leadership

Caring is an essential ingredient for success

Only when the leader cares will:
Others care contagious!
There be focus and energy for the work

to be done

Two aspects of caring leadership:

Commitment to a task
Concern for people

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Caring Leadership

Both commitment to a goal and concern for others

must be present for caring leadership to occur
Without commitment, there is no passion
Without concern, there is no loyalty

Caring leadership cannot be legislated, and it

cannot be an act

When the leader cares, others become focused

and energized
At this point ,direction and momentum develop

and great achievements are made

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Leadership in the Work Setting

Difference between leadership and management?

Management involves four functions:
Planning
Organizing
Directing
Controlling

Leadership describes what takes place during

the first three of these functions:

Establishing a direction (planning)
Aligning people and resources (organizing)
Energizing people to accomplish results

(directing)
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Leadership and Management

Leaders

Managers

Innovate

Administer

Develop

Maintain

Inspire

Control

Long-term view

Short-term view

Ask what and why

Ask how and when

Originate

Initiate

Challenge the status quo

Accept the status quo

Do the right things

Do things right

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Leadership in the Work Setting

To be successful, these processes require:

Insight
Decisiveness
Courage
Strength
Resolve
Diplomacy
Management provides order and consistency
Leadership produces change and movement
Successful organizations have both

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The Followers

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