Oral Presentation

Chapter: Ten (PRM)

Five Ways to Get and Retain Attention

Use humor
It has to be relevant and not offensive to the audiences.
Tell a story
Slice-of-life stories that indicate key points can be added.
Pass around a sample
Passing a sample of product to the audiences.
Ask a question
Asking questions will get the audience actively involved.
State a startling statistic
Adding interesting statistic, and details about it.

Types of Delivery
The Manuscript Delivery
It is delivered word for word from a typed manuscript.
The Memorized Presentation
The presenter memorizes the presentation in advance
from a written source.
The Impromptu Presentation
Spontaneous presentation without any prior preparation.
Extemporaneous Speaking
Carefully prepared presentation
outlines.

from

notes

and/or

Compose the Content

Use relatively short and simple sentences

Avoid using technical expressions and acronyms

unfamiliar to your audience

Employ
techniques
like
summarization,
restatement, enumeration, and transitions to help
audience follow the presentation

Round off numbers and statistics, and avoid

adding too many figures

Construct the Outline

Full Sentence Outline
1.0 The cost has increased by 25 percent in 2007
1.1 The primary reason is the new employee dental plan
1.2 Another reason is the 5 percent increase in employees
Key Phrase Outline
I. Benefits increased by 25 percent in 2007
A. New employee dental plan
B. 5 percent increase in employees
Key Word Outline
I. Increased
Dental
Employee

Memorize the Start and End

Memorize the starting and ending point of the
presentation.

Give a look at the outline after the opening

remarks.

At the end, look up from the outline, pause, and

speak directly to the audience to conclude the
session.

Practice Your Presentation

Practice from the beginning to the end

Practice the use of your visual aids

Time your presentation

Use audio-visual feedback

Ask for feedback from colleagues or superiors

Deliver Your Presentation

Vocal Delivery
Vocal expressiveness: Variation in the pitch, rate, and volume
of the speaking.
Vocal emphasis: Three techniques can be applied

Pause before or after a key word

Slow down when you reach an important passage

Increase or decrease volume

Appropriate rate and Volume

Articulation and Pronunciation

Non-Verbal Communication

Non-verbal communication makes no use of the

words,
sentences,
grammar
and
other
structures that we associate with spoken and
written language.
Non-verbal
communication
includes
facial
expressions, eye contact, tone of voice, body
posture and motions, and positioning within
groups.
Verbal communication is organized by language;
non-verbal communication is not.

Non-Verbal Communication

(Contd.)

Types of non-verbal communication:

Eye contact or gaze
Facial expression
Gesture, especially use of hands and arms
Dress
Posture
Paralanguage

Eye Contact

Important way in which we communicate our feelings

towards other people
Initial eye contact to assess a stranger
Staring identified as threatening form or behavior
If we staring at someone, their behavior will change,
often becoming either defensive or at the other extreme
aggressive towards you
Deeply suspicious of people who cannot look us in the
eye; they are seen as shifty or people with something to
hide
Gazing look steadily, sometimes in intimidating way
Eye contact can be an index of the closeness of a
relationship that people share

Facial Expression

Facial expression is bound to be an important

indicator to other people of our attitudes, state of
mind and relationships to them

Human face has a complex arrangement of muscles

that allows us to produce a whole range of different
expressions, most of which are an index of our
feelings (happy, sad, pain, etc.)

Smiling important facial gesture that indicate that

we pleased to see other people

Facial Expression - Activities

Gesture (Hands and arms)

Gestures, e.g: handshake

How to tell someone to be quiet in a library?
We use gesture when our voice engaged, e.g: talking on
the telephone, we used gesture to tell another person to
come and sit down
Many of the gestures are automatic. When we speaking
on the telephone, we often make hand gestures
Gestures that we make for pushing people away vs.
drawing them towards us.

Posture

The way in which we position our bodies

Early age:

Upright posture people who have confident (police, army)

Posture is another sign of the status and role within society
(army, police)
Use posture as one means of indicating to another person
our feelings of friendship or hostility

sit up straight, shoulder back instruction heard at home or

school

hands on hips confrontational and hostile

Group imitating the postures of the people they are with

(mirroring, postural congruence)

Cross legs, fold their arms

Reinforce group identities

Paralanguage

Those utterances that we make when we are

speaking
When we speak, we make noise that arent words
(um or ah), we raise and lower voices, we
pause, we stress some words
Important aspect of the message when we are
communicating
E.g: The house is on fire ~statement
The house is on fire! ~ stressed
Voice intonation (pitch)- indicator of intention
Flow of voice

Dress

Dress we combine items of clothing and the

appropriateness of certain types of styles of dress to
specific situation.

Funeral people wear black or dark colored clothes

as a symbol or mourning ~ avoid color clashes.

The clothes we wear make a statement about

ourselves ~ interpretation by other people.

Dress

(Contd.)

Time dependent dress code

Office - formal
Relaxing or socialising casual
Initial judgments about people because of their
clothes
Dress one aspect of the physical appearance
Hairstyle,
jewellery,
make-up,
body
adornment and body modification
Open for interpretation by other people