Pavement Materials

The types of test on materials :

1) Aggregate impact value test
Toughness is the property of a material to
resist impact. The road stones should
therefore be tough enough to resist fracture
under impact. A test design to evaluate the
toughness of stones.
Objective : To determine the toughness of
road stone materials by Impact test.

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2) Polished Stone Value Test
This test is to determine how quickly a
sample of aggregate will become polished,
worn smooth, by the repeated passing of
tyres.
The higher the polished stone value the
longer the aggregate will remain rough when
used in road surfacing.
Equipment for this test includes an
accelerated polishing machine.

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3) Aggregate crushing value test
This test helps to determine the
aggregate crushing value of coarse
aggregate. The apparatus used is Cylindrical
measure and plunger, Compression testing
machine.

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4) Flakiness index test
This test is used to determine the quantity
of aggregate particles that are elongated,
instead of cubicle, in shape.
It is important in certain applications, such
as concrete, where an elongated shape has
larger surface area and therefore will require
greater quantities of cement in order to
produce concrete of the required strength.
The equipment used is a series of bar
sieves.

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5) Elongation test
Objective : For determination of elongation
index of coarse aggregate, where the size of
coarse are larger than 6.3 mm. In this test the
equipment used are :
1. Length gauge
2. Sieves (63,50,40,31.5,25,20,16,12.5,10)mm
3. Balance (0-10kg)
4. Oven (3000c)
Minimum number of 200 pieces of any specified
fraction is required.

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6) Penetration test
To determine the consistency of bituminous
material.
This test also is to assess the suitability of
bitumin for use under different climatic
conditions and various types of construction.
Penetration value is a measure of
hardness or consistency of bituminous
material.

Pavement materials
7) Softening test
This test is done to determine the
softening point of asphaltic bitumen and
fluxed native asphalt, road tar, coal tar pitch
and blown type bitumen .
The apparatus required for this test :
1. Ring and ball apparatus
2. Thermometer

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8) Flash and fire point test
Aim : to determine the flash and fire point of
bitumen
Apparatus : pensky-marten closed tester,
thermometer
The flash point of a material is the lowest
temperature at which vapour of a substance
momentarily take fire i the form of flash.
The fire point is the lowest temperature at
which the material gets ignited and burns
under specific condition of test.

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9) Ductility test
Ductility is the property of bitumen that
permits it to undergo great deformation or
elongation.

Pavement materials
10) Floatation test
Normally the consistency of bituminous
material can be measured either by
penetration test or viscosity test. But, for
certain range of consistencies, these tests
are not applicable and float test is used.

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11) Soundness test
The soundness test determines an
aggregates resistance to disintegration by
weathering and, in particular, freeze-thaw
cycles.
The soundness test repeatedly
submerge an aggregate sample in a sodium
sulfate or magnesium sulfate solution.