Chapter 002

Bell Work 1/19
Word building
Tumor of a gland?
adenoma
Pertaining to the head?
cephalic
P/T Below the skin?
hypodermic
Red blood cell?
erythrocyte
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Copyright 2011, 2008, 2005 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
Chapter 2
Terms Pertaining to the
Body as a Whole
Chapter Goals
Define terms that apply to the structural

organization of the body.
Identify the body cavities and recognize the
organs contained within those cavities.
Locate and identify the anatomical and
clinical divisions of the abdomen.
Locate and name the anatomical divisions of
the back.
Chapter Goals (contd)
Become acquainted with terms that describe

positions, directions, and planes of the body.
Identify the meanings for new word elements
and use them to understand medical terms.
Structural Organization of the Body
CELLS
the fundamental unit of all living things
TISSUES
a group of similar cells working together
to do a specific job
ORGANS
types of tissue combine to form an
organ
SYSTEMS
groups of organs
CELLthe fundamental unit of all living things
Major parts of a
cell include:
chromosomes
nucleus
cell membrane
cytoplasm
Study Section 1 these terms

are defined on page 35
anabolism
catabolism
cell membrane
chromosomes
cytoplasm
DNA
endoplasmic
reticulum
genes
karyotype
metabolism
mitochondria
nucleus
Cells are specialized to

carry out individual
functions.
Identify the following in
the image
Epithelial cell
Fat cell
Nerve cell
Muscle cell

(contd)
Types of Cells

Tissues
Different tissue types include:
Epithelial Tissue tissues that line internal

organs and is the outer most layer of our skin
Muscle Tissue three types of muscle tissue
Involuntary
Voluntary
Cardiac
Connective Tissue fat, cartilage, bone and blood
Nerve Tissue conducts impulses
10
Organs: Different types of tissue combine

to form an organ
The stomach is composed of muscle, nerve,

and epithelial tissues.
Internal organs is called viscera
Systems: Groups of organs working

together to perform complex functions
Page 37 has a list of systems
11
Vocabulary
adipose tissue
Cartilage
skin cells that cover the body and internal surfaces

of organs
Histologist
connective tissue that attaches bones at joints
epithelial cells
collection of fat cells
Specialist in the study of tissues. Hist = tissue
Larynx
Voice box the upper part of the trachea

12
Vocabulary
pharynx
pituitary gland
Gland at the base of the brain, often referred to as

the master gland
thyroid gland
throat
Gland that surrounds the trachea
trachea
windpipe Tube that leads from the throat to the

bronchial tubes
13
Body Cavities and Organs

Cavity
Organ(s)
Cranial
Brain
Thoracic
Lungs and heart
Abdominal
Stomach, small and large

intestines, spleen, pancreas
Pelvic
Portions of the small and large

intestines, bladder, rectum
Spinal
Nerves of the spinal cord
14
Vocabulary
Ureter
Urethra
Tube from the bladder to the outside of the body
Uterus
Tube that leads from the kidney to the bladder
The womb
Viscera
Internal organs
15
Review
Cystoscopy:
A. Study of cells
B. Visual examination of cells
C. Removal of a sac of fluid
D. Removal of the urinary
bladder
E. Visual examination of the
urinary bladder
Electroencephalogram:
A. Record of electricity in the
brain
B. Record of electricity in the
heart C. X-ray of the brain
D. Record of sound waves in
the brain
E. X-ray of the heart and brain
Cancerous tumor:
A. Hematoma
B. Adenoma
C. Carcinoma
D. Carcinogenic
E. Neurotomy
Pain in a joint:
A. Ostealgia
B. Arthritis
C. Osteoarthritis
D. Arthroalgia
E. Arthralgia
16
Body Cavities
Body cavities are the

spaces within the body
that contain internal
organs (viscera).
17
QUICK QUIZ:
1.
Which body cavity contains the

pleural cavity and the
mediastinum?
A. cranial
B. pelvic
C. spinal
D. thoracic
18
QUICK QUIZ: (contd)

2.
Which body cavity contains the

peritoneum?
A. abdominal
B. pelvic
C. spinal
D. thoracic
19
Bell work 1/24
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
Match the parts of the body with their correct descriptions:
a.adipose tissue
e.pleura
b.cartilage f.trachea
c.larynx
g.ureter
d.pharynx h.urethra
Throat
Collection of fat cells
Windpipe
Tube from the kidney to the urinary bladder
Voice box
Membrane surrounding the lungs
Flexible connective tissue at joints
Tube from the urinary bladder to outside of body
20
Organs of the Abdominopelvic

and Thoracic Cavities
21
Study Section 3
abdominal cavity
Space below the chest that contains the liver,

stomach, gallbladder and intestines
cranial cavity
Space in the head that contains the brain, skull
diaphragm
Muscle that separates the thoracic and abdominal

cavities.
22
Study Section 3
dorsal (posterior)
mediastinum
Centrally located space between the lungs
pleura
Pertaining to the back
Membrane surrounding each lung
pleural cavity
Space between the pleural membrane

23
Study Section 3
spinal cavity
Space within the spinal column (backbone) and

contains the spinal cord.
thoracic cavity
Space in the chest containing the heart, lungs,

bronchial tubes, trachea, esophagus, and other
organs
ventral (anterior)
Pertaining to the front

24
Abdominopelvic Regions and

Quadrants
Regions
Right Hypochondriac region

Left Hypochondriac region
Epigastric region
Right Lumbar region
Left Lumbar region
Umbilical region
Right Inguinal region
Left Inguinal region
Hypogastric region
25
Abdominopelvic Regions (contd)
26
Abdominopelvic Regions and

Quadrants
Quadrants
Right upper quadrant (RUQ)

Left upper quadrant (LUQ)
Right lower quadrant (RLQ)
Left lower quadrant (LLQ)
27
Abdominopelvic Quadrants
28
Abdominopelvic Quadrants
29
Anatomical Divisions of the Back
Cervical
Thoracic
Loin or flank region. There are 5 lumbar vertebrae
Sacral
Chest region. There are 12 thoracic vertebrae
Lumbar
Neck region. There are 7 cervical vertebrae
Five bones that fuse together form the sacrum.
Coccygeal
The tailbone. A small bone of four fused pieces

30
Anatomical Divisions of the Back
31
QUICK QUIZ:
3.
Name the abdominopelvic region

that is located in the central region
near the navel.
A. inguinal
B. umbilical
C. lumbar
D. hypochondriac
32
QUICK QUIZ:
(contd)
4.
Name the abdominopelvic region

that is located in the lower middle
below the umbilical region.
A. inguinal
B. epigastric
C. lumbar
D. hypogastric
33
Bell Work 1.24
What area of the spine is at the neck?
What word means incision into a bone?
Cervical spine
Osteotomy
What cavity surrounds the lungs
Pleural cavity
34
Positions, Directions, and

Planes of the Body
Positional and Directional Terms

Anterior (ventral) -- the front side of the body
Posterior (dorsal) -- the back side of the body
Deep -- away from the surface
Superficial -- on the surface
Proximal -- near the point of attachment
Distal -- far from the point of attachment
Inferior -- below another structure
Superior -- above another structure
35
36

Planes of the Body
Positional and Directional Terms (contd)
Medial pertaining to the middle

Lateral pertaining to the side
Supine lying on the back
Prone lying on the belly
37

Planes of the Body (cont'd)
Planes of the Body an imaginary flat

surface
Frontal (coronal)
a vertical plane dividing the body into anterior and posterior
portions
Sagittal (lateral)
a lengthwise vertical plane dividing the body into right and left
sides
Transverse (cross-sectional or axial)

a plane running across the body parallel to the ground
38
39
Combining Forms, Suffixes,

and Prefixes
COMBINING FORMS
Combining Form
Meaning
abdomin/o
abdomen
adip/o
fat
anter/o
front
bol/o
to cast (throw)
40

and Prefixes (contd)
COMBINING FORMS
Combining Form
Meaning
cervic/o
neck (of the body or uterus)
chondr/o
cartilage
chrom/o
color
coccyg/o
coccyx (tailbone)
41

COMBINING FORMS
Combining Form
Meaning
crani/o
skull
cyt/o
cell
dist/o
far, distant
dors/o
back portion of the body
42
Combining Forms, Suffixes

COMBINING FORMS
Combining Form
Meaning
hist/o
tissue
ili/o
ilium (of the pelvic bone)
inguin/o
groin
kary/o
nucleus
43

COMBINING FORMS
Combining Form
Meaning
later/o
side
lumb/o
lower back
medi/o
middle
nucle/o
nucleus
44

COMBINING FORMS
Combining Form
Meaning
pelv/i
pelvis
poster/o
back, behind
proxim/o
nearest
sacr/o
sacrum
45

COMBINING FORMS
Combining Form
Meaning
sarc/o
flesh
spin/o
spine, backbone
thel/o
nipple
thorac/o
chest
trache/o
trachea, windpipe
46

COMBINING FORMS
Combining Form
Meaning
umbilic/o
navel, umbilicus
ventr/o
belly side of the body
vertebro
vertebra(e), backbone(s)
viscer/o
internal organs
47

PREFIXES
Combining Form
Meaning
ana-
up
cata-
down
epi-
above
hypo-
below
inter-
between
meta-
change
48

SUFFIXES
Suffix
Meaning
-eal
-iac
-ior
-ism
-ose
-plasm
-somes
-type
pertaining to
pertaining to
pertaining to
process, condition
pertaining to, full of
formation
bodies
picture, classification
49
QUICK QUIZ:
5.
Which term means process of

cutting the skull?
A. thoracotomy
B. craniotomy
C. diskectomy
D. arthroscopy
50

Chapter 002

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Chapter 002

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Bell Work 1/19

No textbook checkout today, they have not

Define terms that apply to the structural

Chapter Goals (contd)

Become acquainted with terms that describe

Structural Organization of the Body

Structural Organization of the Body

CELLthe fundamental unit of all living things

Study Section 1 these terms

Structural Organization of the Body

Cells are specialized to

Structural Organization of the Body

Structural Organization of the Body

Epithelial Tissue tissues that line internal

Structural Organization of the Body

Organs: Different types of tissue combine

The stomach is composed of muscle, nerve,

Systems: Groups of organs working

Page 37 has a list of systems

skin cells that cover the body and internal surfaces

connective tissue that attaches bones at joints

collection of fat cells

Specialist in the study of tissues. Hist = tissue

Voice box the upper part of the trachea

Gland at the base of the brain, often referred to as

Gland that surrounds the trachea

windpipe Tube that leads from the throat to the

Body Cavities and Organs

Lungs and heart

Stomach, small and large

Portions of the small and large

Nerves of the spinal cord

Tube from the bladder to the outside of the body

Tube that leads from the kidney to the bladder

Body cavities are the

Which body cavity contains the

QUICK QUIZ: (contd)

Which body cavity contains the

Bell work 1/24

Match the parts of the body with their correct descriptions:

Organs of the Abdominopelvic

Space below the chest that contains the liver,

Space in the head that contains the brain, skull

Muscle that separates the thoracic and abdominal

Centrally located space between the lungs

Pertaining to the back

Membrane surrounding each lung

Space between the pleural membrane

Space within the spinal column (backbone) and

Space in the chest containing the heart, lungs,

Pertaining to the front

Abdominopelvic Regions and

Right Hypochondriac region

Abdominopelvic Regions (contd)

Abdominopelvic Regions and

Right upper quadrant (RUQ)

Anatomical Divisions of the Back

Loin or flank region. There are 5 lumbar vertebrae

Chest region. There are 12 thoracic vertebrae

Neck region. There are 7 cervical vertebrae

Five bones that fuse together form the sacrum.

The tailbone. A small bone of four fused pieces

Anatomical Divisions of the Back

Name the abdominopelvic region