WSNs
Presented by Ming-Tsung Hsu
Outline
Wireless Sensor
Networks
Bells Law
year
Applications
e
n
m
o
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i
t
ife
cis
L
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r
&
P
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le
&
a
o
cy
i
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c
t
n
t
c
S
e
a
t
R
&
a
ne
ty Control
i
L
e
n
y
l
l
t
i
o
i
p
Environmental
Monitoring
Interactive
and
b
c
Low
e ns
Mo
Di s
Sam
D
Habitat Monitoring
Pursuer-Evader
Integrated Biology
Intrusion Detection
Structural Monitoring
Automation
Fundamental Functionalities
Exchanging data
Characteristics
A special wireless ad hoc network
Battery powered
Energy Efficiency
Adaptivity
Data Centric
Message-level Latency
Sensor Deployment
Depends on applications
Connectivity
Coverage
Scalability
Energy
Nodes Operations
Energy Consideration
Role-change? Off-duty?
Off-duty?
Coverage, Connectivity
1-covered, K-covered
K-connected
Others
R
7
3
4
X. Wang (Sensys03)
H. Zhang & J. Hou (2004)
Rt
Rs
Real Products
coverage
barrier
density
control
blanket
network
network
topology
formation
deterministic
# of sensors?
adaptive
K-connectivity
# of sensors
K-coverage
topology
Scheduling
ASCENT
are needed?
control
surveillance
LEACH
adaptive
algorithmic
& exposure
probabilistic
scheduling
per-node
(Max Rt)
PEAS
per-node
homo
homo
OGDC
k-connected
Xue&Kumar
Penrose
various
connected
subgraphs
Coverage Issues
Surveillance
Exposure
The exposure for an object in the sensor field during the interval t1 , t 2
along a path p t
t2
E p t , t1 , t 2 I F , p t
t1
dp t
dt
dt
R
7
3
4
K-Coverage Problem
R
7
3
4
Density Control
Sensing range
Determined (disc)
Irregular in shape, or even follow a probabilistic
model
Adaptive
Scheduling
Wake up
Go to
Work?
no
yes
work
f(t) = exp(- t)
exponential distribution
= average # of wake-ups per unit time
Wake-up rates
A
f(t) = exp(- t)
B
f(t) = exp(- t)
A + B:
f(t) = ( + ) exp(- ( + ) t)
Go to work or return to
sleep?
Rp
Go back to sleep
go to work
If Rt (1 + 5) Rp and then
P(connected) 1
Minimum overlap
D
Rs
To minimize overlap
Optimum distance D 3Rs
To minimize overlap
Optimum distance D 3Rs
Minimum overlap
Near-optimal
Senders position
Desired direction
Complexity
Coverage
Time Sync
Blanket coverage
Barrier coverage
Donut-shaped region
Thanks