Introduction
Precast concrete pipes are widely used for water
Non-pressure pipes
The standard classifies pipes into pressure(P) and non-
pressure(NP) pipes.
NP pipes are used to carry flow under gravity and must
be designed to withstand a test pressure of 0.07 Mpa.
Class
Description
Conditions of use
NP1
Unreinforced
pressure pipes
NP2
Reinforced concrete,
non-pressure pipes
NP3
NP4
concrete
Pressure pipes
Pressure pipes are designed to carry fluid flow with non-
Classification of Pressure
Pipes
Pressure pipes are classified as follows:Class
Description
Conditions of use
P1
P2
P3
Materials
The following provisions apply to various constituents
used for mix design of concrete used in precast pipes.
Cement
The code specifies the standards a particular type of
cement must conform to. Ex:- If fly-ash based
cement is used it must conform to IS 1489 (Part 1).
Fly ash based cement is permitted only for nonpressure pipes with fly ash content restricted to
25%.
Sulphate resisting cement must be used where
sulphate is predominant.
Aggregates
Must conform to section 3 of IS 383.
For pipes above 250 mm internal diameter, maximum
aggregate size should be less than 1/3 * pipe thickness
or 20 mm, whichever is smaller.
For pipes with internal diameter between 80 and 250
mm, maximum aggregate size should be 10 mm.
Reinforcement
The following types of steel are allowed as reinforcement
1. Mild steel Grade 1 bars / Medium tensile steel bars
conforming to IS 432 (Part 1)
2. Hard-drawn steel wires conforming to IS 432 (Part 2)
3. Structural steel bars conforming to IS 2062
Concrete/Mortar
The concrete quality (concrete mix design, maximum watercement ratio, minimum cement content) must be as per IS 456
at least for very severe environment.
In case of spinning process, a higher water-cement ration,
higher cement content, more fines than specified in IS 456, may
be allowed, if necessary.
Non-pressure pipes minimum cement content of 450 kg/m 3,
minimum 28 day compressive strength of 35 Mpa.
Non-pressure pipes minimum cement content of 600 kg/m 3,
minimum 28 day compressive strength of 35 Mpa.
A conversion factor must be incorporated to account for
differences in strength of cube and pipe depending on
manufacturing process. For spun concrete, in absence of data,
pipe concrete strength = 1.25 * cube strength.
For pressure pipes, split tensile strength (tested as per IS 5816)
> 2.5 Mpa
Design
All Reinforced concrete pipes must be designed such
Reinforcement
Minimum longitudinal and transverse reinforcement
80 - 150 mm
200 mm
200 350 mm
150 mm
> 400 mm
100 mm
Barrel
wall
thickne
ss
(mm)
Min
.
lon
g.
bar
s
Min.
long.
as
(kg/
m)
Min.
Spiral
s as
(kg/m)
Load for
25 mm
crack
(kN/m)
Ultimat
e Load
(kN/m)
100
25
0.59
0.18
10.05
15.08
150
25
0.59
0.24
10.79
16.19
For
of internal
200 mm,11.77
the minimum
200a pipe 25
6 diameter
0.59
0.38
17.66
barrel wall thickness must be 25 mm, the minimum
number of longitudinal bars must be 6 and their
diameter must be such that total weight > 0.59*(pipe
length cover), total weight of spiral reinforcement >
0.38 *(pipe length). For a crack width of 25mm the
load > 11.77 kN/m, failure load >17.66 kN/m.
Ends of Pipes
Spigot and socket ended pipes shall be used for water
Manufacture
Tests
During manufacture, concrete test cubes shall be subject
Quality Control
The tolerances permitted in the design dimensions of the
Conclusion
IS 458 provides a comprehensive coverage of all the