V Rulers

V incapable of supporting the depth of civic infrastructure

required to maintain libraries, public baths, arenas, and
major educational institutions
V Cities and merchants
V lost the economic benefits of safe conditions for trade and
manufacture
V Intellectual Devleopment
V suffered from the loss of a unified cultural and educational milieu of
far-ranging connections
V Trade and Manufacture
V Unsafe to travel , collapsed
V iarly Middle Ages
V Breakdown of Roman society
V Church and monasticism
V Carolingians
V Carolingian Renaissance
V Breakup of the Carolingian empire
V Art and architecture
V High Middle Ages
V Crusades
V Science and technology
V Changes
V Late Middle Ages (Great Famine, Black Death)
V State resurgence
V Hundred Years' War
V Controversy within the Church
 iarly Christian
 Byzantine
 Carolingian
 Romanesque
 Gothic
Art
- iarly Christian
- Byzantine
- Gothic
 hlanar
 Three quarter profile Ȃ rule
 Full profile & pure front view- exception
Optically effective means of modelling and cast shadow
 Manipulation of linear contours and flat areas of color
Foreshortened- however, they were not supported by
optical means
V Flattening of the body- incompatible with the antique
anthropometry
V hresupposes the idea of a 3-dimensional solid
V Unrestrained mobility of these forms
V Made it impossible to accept a system which
predetermines the Dztechnicaldz as well as the Dzobjectivedz
dimensions
 igyptians Ȃ identified the Dztechnicaldz and DzobjectiveDz
- had been able to combine the characteristics of
anthropometry
 Greeks- renounced the Dztechnicaldz ambition
 Medieval- renounced the Dzobjectivedz
Restricted itself to organizing the planar aspect of the
picture
V Schematic

V 2 kinds:
V Byzantine
V Gothic
 Almost exclusively serves to determine the contours and
directions of movement
Villard de Honnecourt
-little to do with measurement of proportion
-ignores the natural structure of the organism
- Figures are no longer measured
- System of lines are often conceived from a purely
ornamental point of view
- Straight lines- Guiding Lines than measuring lines
V not concerned with relative measurements
V ignored the structure of the body
V limiting itself almost exclusively to determining the outlines and
the directions of movement.

V Villard's system is not a modular system or even metrical: the

measurements are to be supplied by the artist to suit the task in
hand.

V The late Gothic artists of the 14th and 15th centuries

V rejected constructional aids altogether.
V trend was towards movement and naturalism, and they relied
more and more on observation and personal judgement
V was a Medieval art movement that lasted about 300
years
V ira -mainly on the church, God, and personal salvation
V It began in France out of the Romanesque period in the
mid-12th century, concurrent with Gothic architecture
found in Cathedrals. By the late 14th century, it had
evolved towards a more secular and natural style
known as International Gothic, which continued until
the late 15th century, where it evolved into Renaissance
art.

V sculpture, panel painting, stained glass, fresco and

illuminated manuscript.
V iarly Gothic Art
V Christian iconography
V Late Gothic Art
V strange hybrid style
V dark yet uplifting, its beauty was in its immaculately
naturalistic style
V The heady combination of traditional Gothic style and
Renaissance art created an art form
V centuries secular subjects such as hunting scenes, chivalric
themes, and depictions of historical events also appeared
V International Gothic style
V a reflection of the transformation that was taking place in
iurope, the change from the Dark Ages to a more
enlightened, tolerant society
Christ Carrying the Cross Garden of iarthly Delights
Madonna and Child Crucifixion of Christ
Madonna of the Annunciation
Dream of St. Anthony
Madonna and Child
Virgin inthroned with Child Investiture of St.Louis of Toulouse