PRESENTATION ON
RESPIRATORY SYSTEM
PRESENTED BY
BHAGYASHREE
MSC 1ST YR STUDENT
INTRODUCTION
HISTORY TAKING
Biographical data
Current health
Chief complaint ,
clinical manifestations like
chest pain , dyspnea , cough, hemoptysis ,
sneezing , stidor, and complaint related to
nose and sinus. Note onset , duration ,
characteristics , severity of problem.
Clinical manifestation
Continue..
Surgical history
Allergies
medications
Dietary habits
Social history
PHYSICAL EXAMINATION
PHYSICAL EXAMINATION
General assessment
External nose
Inspect and palpate the external nose for
deviations, from normal alignment , symmetry ,
colour, discharge , nasal flaring , lesions,, and
tenderness . the client should able to breath
quietly through the nose rather than breath through
mouth . check the nasal canals for petency by
asking the clients to occlude one naris with a finger
and breath through the open naris while closing the
mouth. Ask the client to tip the head back, and
inspect the outer nares, for crusting , bleeding , or
dryness , which should be absent.
Internal nose
Paranasal sinuses
Smell
Characteristics of normal
breath sound
pitch
amplitude
duration
quality
Normal location
Bronchial (tracheal)
High
Loud
moderate
Moderate
Harsh
,hollow,tabular
mixed
Bronchovesicular
Inspiration
< expiration
Inspiration =
expiration
vesicular
low
Soft
Inspiration>expirati
on
DIAGNOSTIC TESTING
Noninvasive tests
Pulse oximetry
Oxygen
saturatio
n(%)
Pao2(mm
Hg)
Clients
status
50
25
life
threatenin
g
hypoxemi
a
75
40
Moderate
hypoxemi
a
90
55
Mild
hypoxemi
a
Non invasive
Chest x ray
Ventilation perfusion scan
magnetic resonance imagning
Invasive test
Laboratory test
Sputum culture
An infectious process can lead to excessive
production of mucus commonly called
sputum assessment of sputum by bacteria ,
fungi, or cellular elements guides the
treatment of the underlying infections . if
possible sputum should be collected before
antimicrobial treatment is begun.
conclusion
summary
RECENT STUDIES
Con..
Recent findings
Studies in children with congenital muscular dystrophies
and spinal mascular atrophies detected a high
prevalence of respiratory complications and confirmred
that respiratory failure can be predicted by
measurement of vital capacity . NIPPV is an established
Treatment that is effective in the long term management
of end stage diurnal respiratory failure additionally
recent studies showed improvement in symptoms ,
quality of life and prevention of respiratory complications
when it is introduced for nocturnal hypoventilation before
the development of diurnal respiratory failure .
BIBLIOGRAPHY
THANK
TOU