PROVIDING ENGINEERING FOR OPERATION TRAINING

MV SWITCHGEAR WITH SEPAM RELAY AND POWER

QUALITY DISTURBANCES

MV SWITCHGEAR- Introduction

PROVIDING ENGINEERING FOR OPERATION TRAINING MV SWITCHGEAR

WITH SEPAM RELAY AND POWER QUALITY DISTURBANCES

MV SWITCHGEAR- Introduction
Basic magnitude to define a MV Switchgear
Voltage
Current
Frequency
Short-circuit power.
The voltage, the rated current and the rated frequency are often known or can

easily be defined.
Knowing the voltage (kV) will allow us to define the dielectric withstand of the

components.
Knowing the short-circuit power of the network allows us to choose the

various parts of a switchboard which must withstand significant temperature rises

and electrodynamic constraints.

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PROVIDING ENGINEERING FOR OPERATION TRAINING MV SWITCHGEAR

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MV SWITCHGEAR- Introduction
Basic magnitude to define a MV Switchgear
VOLTAGE:
Operating/service Voltage U (kV):
Voltage across the equipment terminals. Example : 22kV, 3.3kV,
Rated Voltage Ur (kV):
Max rms (root mean square) value of the voltage that equipment can
withstand under normal operating conditions. Example : 24kV, 7.2kV,
The rated voltage (Ur) is always greater than the operating voltage.
The rated voltage associated with an insulation level.
Insulation level Ud (kV rms, 1 minute) and Up (kV peak):
This defines the electric withstand of equipment to switching under operation over
voltages and lightning impulse.

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PROVIDING ENGINEERING FOR OPERATION TRAINING MV SWITCHGEAR

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MV SWITCHGEAR- Introduction
Basic magnitude to define a MV Switchgear
VOLTAGE:
Ud: Over voltage due to of internal switchgear , which accompany all changes in
the circuit: opening/closing CB or Switch, breakdown or shorting across an
insulator, etc
Simulated in laboratory by the power-frequency withstand voltage for 1
minute.
Up: over voltage of external switchgear or atmospheric origin occur when
lightning falls on or near a transmission line.
Simulated in laboratory by the lightning impulse withstand voltage.

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PROVIDING ENGINEERING FOR OPERATION TRAINING MV SWITCHGEAR

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MV SWITCHGEAR- Introduction
Basic magnitude to define a MV Switchgear
VOLTAGE:
Standards:
Apart from special cases, Schneider Electric equipment are compliant with
tables 1a and 1b of IEC standard 62271-1 common specifications.
Insulation level apply to MV swgr at altitudes of less than 1000 metres,
20C, 11 g/m3 humidity and a pressure of 101.3 kPa.
Each insulation level corresponds to a distance in air which guarantees
equipment withstand without a test certificate.
For other conditions, correction factors are applied for the test and in some
cases, derating has to be considered.

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PROVIDING ENGINEERING FOR OPERATION TRAINING MV SWITCHGEAR

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MV SWITCHGEAR- Introduction
Basic magnitude to define a MV Switchgear
VOLTAGE:
IEC standardised voltages :

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PROVIDING ENGINEERING FOR OPERATION TRAINING MV SWITCHGEAR

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MV SWITCHGEAR- Introduction
Basic magnitude to define a MV Switchgear
CURRENT:
Rated normal current: Ir(A):
This is the rms value of current that equipment can withstand when
permanently closed, without exceeding the temperature rise allowed in
standards.

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PROVIDING ENGINEERING FOR OPERATION TRAINING MV SWITCHGEAR

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MV SWITCHGEAR- Introduction
Basic magnitude to define a MV Switchgear
CURRENT:
Rated short-time withstand current, Ik(A):
This is the rms value of the current which the switchgear can carry in the
closed position during a specified short time. Short time is generally 1 s, and
sometimes 3 s.
Operating current, I (A):
Calculate from the consumption of the devices connected.
Actual current passes through the equipment.
o generally customer provide its value
o calculate if we know the power of the load

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PROVIDING ENGINEERING FOR OPERATION TRAINING MV SWITCHGEAR

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MV SWITCHGEAR- Introduction
Basic magnitude to define a MV Switchgear
SHORT CIRCUIT CURRENT:
Short circuit power depends on:
Network configuration (exp: single source, parallel source,network,
generators).
Impedance of each equipments or devices.(exp: lines, cables, transformers,
motors).
It is the maximum power that the network can provide to an installation during a
fault, expressed in MVA or in kA r ms for a given operating voltage
U Operating voltage (kV)
Isc Short-circuit current (kA r ms)

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PROVIDING ENGINEERING FOR OPERATION TRAINING MV SWITCHGEAR

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MV SWITCHGEAR- Introduction
Basic magnitude to define a MV Switchgear
SHORT CIRCUIT CURRENT:
Minimum short-circuit current, Isc (kA rms.): Example: Isc: 25kA rms
This corresponds to a short-circuit at one end of the protected link and not
just behind the breaking device.
Its value allows us to choose the setting of thresholds for overcurrent
protection relays and fuses.
Maximum short-circuit current, Ith(kA rms/ 1s or 3s): Example: Isc: 31.5 kA
rms/1s
This corresponds to a short-circuit in the immediate vicinity of the
downstream terminals of the switching device
It is used to define the thermal withstand of the equipment.

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PROVIDING ENGINEERING FOR OPERATION TRAINING MV SWITCHGEAR

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MV SWITCHGEAR- Introduction
Basic magnitude to define a MV Switchgear
SHORT CIRCUIT CURRENT:
Peak value of the maximum short-circuit current: Idyn= (kA peak)
value of the initial peak in the transient period
Idynis equal to:
o 2.5 Iscat 50 Hz (IEC) and 45 ms DC time-constant or
o 2.6 Iscat 60 Hz (IEC) and 45 ms DC time-constant or
o 2.7 Isc(IEC) for higher DC time-constants.
It determines the breaking capacity and closing capacity of circuit breakers and switches, as well
as the electrodynamic withstand of busbars and switchgear.
IEC uses the following values:
8 - 12.5 - 16 - 20 - 25 - 31.5 - 40 - 50 kA rms.

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PROVIDING ENGINEERING FOR OPERATION TRAINING MV SWITCHGEAR

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MV SWITCHGEAR- Introduction
Basic magnitude to define a MV Switchgear
FREQUENCY (Hz):
Two frequency are usually used throughout the world
50 Hz in Europe
60 Hz in the USA
several countries use both frequencies indiscriminately
Instrument Voltage Transformer rated 50 can operate at 60Hz
Instrument Current Transformer rated 50 can operate at 60Hz
But CT/VT with rated 60Hz can not be operated at 50Hz.

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PROVIDING ENGINEERING FOR OPERATION TRAINING MV SWITCHGEAR

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MV SWITCHGEAR- Introduction
Basic magnitude to define a MV Switchgear
PROTECTION INDEX (IP):
Protection of people against direct contact and protection of equipment against
certain external influences.
Requested by international standard for electrical installations and products (IEC
60 529).
The protection index is the level of protection provided by an enclosure against
access to hazardous parts, penetration of solid foreign bodies and of water.
The IP code is a coding system to indicate the protection index.

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PROVIDING ENGINEERING FOR OPERATION TRAINING MV SWITCHGEAR

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MV SWITCHGEAR- Introduction
Basic magnitude to define a MV Switchgear
PROTECTION INDEX (IP):
1st number
0

No protection

Protection against objects 50 mm

Protection against objects 12.5 mm

Protection against objects 2.5 mm

Protection against solid objects 1 mm

Protection against dust, limited intrusion acceptable in all directions

Total protection against dust

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PROVIDING ENGINEERING FOR OPERATION TRAINING MV SWITCHGEAR

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MV SWITCHGEAR- Introduction
Basic magnitude to define a MV Switchgear
PROTECTION INDEX (IP):
2nd number
0

No protection

Protection against vertically falling water drops

Protection against rain drops falling at max. 15 angle

Protection against rain drops falling at max. 60 angle

Protection against rain drops falling from all directions

Protection against low pressure sprue water from all directions

Protection against jet water under pressure

Protection against water intrusion under submersion at 15 cm to 1 m

depth, 0.5 hour

Protection against water intrusion under long term submersion under

pressure

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PROVIDING ENGINEERING FOR OPERATION TRAINING MV SWITCHGEAR

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MV SWITCHGEAR- Introduction
MV Switchgear- General
Electrical network can be isolated, protected and controlled by using a
SWITCHGEAR
The term switchgear is a generic one. It is applied to apparatus with
mechanical contacts with their associated measurement, protection and control
devices.
Possible technologies:
AIS (Air Insulated Switchgear)
GIS (Gas Insulated Switchgear)

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PROVIDING ENGINEERING FOR OPERATION TRAINING MV SWITCHGEAR

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MV SWITCHGEAR- Introduction
MV Switchgear- General
Switchgear Function

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PROVIDING ENGINEERING FOR OPERATION TRAINING MV SWITCHGEAR

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MV SWITCHGEAR- Introduction
MV Switchgear- General
Metal-enclosed switchgears are subdivided in 3 different
types, depending IEC 60298

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PROVIDING ENGINEERING FOR OPERATION TRAINING MV SWITCHGEAR

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MV SWITCHGEAR- Introduction
MV Switchgear- General
Metal-enclosed switchgears by IEC 62271-200: major changes.
1. Partitioning
The manufacturer defines the number and content of compartments.
Each compartment is described as fixed or withdrawable and accessibility.

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PROVIDING ENGINEERING FOR OPERATION TRAINING MV SWITCHGEAR

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MV SWITCHGEAR- Introduction
MV Switchgear- General
Metal-enclosed switchgears by IEC 62271-200: major changes.
2. Description of design and functions
is based on functionality rather than on design and construction features.

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PROVIDING ENGINEERING FOR OPERATION TRAINING MV SWITCHGEAR

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MV SWITCHGEAR- Introduction
MV Switchgear- General
Metal-enclosed switchgears by IEC 62271-200: major changes.
3. LSC classes (loss of service continuity)
the main customer value is the continuity of service provided by the switchgear
under conditions when an accessible compartment is open.

Switchgear categories with regard to the loss of service

continuity when opening accessible compartments
(other than busbar, in single busbar designs)
LSC1
LSC2

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Features

Other functional units or some of

them shall be disconnected
LSC2A

Other functional units can be

energized

LSC2B

Other functional units and all cable

compartments can be energized

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PROVIDING ENGINEERING FOR OPERATION TRAINING MV SWITCHGEAR

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MV SWITCHGEAR- Introduction
MV Switchgear- General
Metal-enclosed switchgears by IEC 62271-200: major changes.
4. Partitioning classes (nature of barrier)
between live parts and opened accessible compartment.
Switchgear classification with regard to the nature of the
barrier between live parts and opened accessible compartment

Features

PM

Metallic shutters and partition

between live parts and open
compartment (metal-enclosed
condition maintained)

PI

Insulation-covered discontinuity in
the metallic partitions/shutters
between live parts and open
compartment

Switchgear classification with regard to mechanical, electrical

and fire hazards in case of internal arc during normal
operation
IAC

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Features

No ejection of parts, no ignition of

cloths, enclosure remains earthed

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PROVIDING ENGINEERING FOR OPERATION TRAINING MV SWITCHGEAR

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MV SWITCHGEAR- Introduction
MV Switchgear- General
Metal-enclosed switchgears by IEC 62271-200: major changes.
5. Internal Arc Classification guarantee
Class IAC AFL
Class IAC/ AFLR
The notation IAC A FLR, I and t contains the abbreviations for the
following values:
IAC

Internal Arc Classification

Distance between the indicators 300mm, i.e. nstallation

in rooms with access for authorized personnel, closed
electricalservice location

FLR

Access from front (F), from the sides (L=lateral) and from
the rear (R)

Test current = rated short circuit breaking current (in kA)

Internal arc duration (in seconds)

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PROVIDING ENGINEERING FOR OPERATION TRAINING MV SWITCHGEAR

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MV SWITCHGEAR- Introduction
MV Switchgear- General
Metal-enclosed switchgears: IEC 62271-200 vs IEC 60298.

LSC2B
LSC2A

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LSC1

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PROVIDING ENGINEERING FOR OPERATION TRAINING MV SWITCHGEAR

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MV SWITCHGEAR- Introduction
MV Switchgear- General
Breaking device: two breaking techniques:
Breaking in the SF6 environment:
Breaking in a vacuum arc-enclosure

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PROVIDING ENGINEERING FOR OPERATION TRAINING MV SWITCHGEAR

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MV SWITCHGEAR- Introduction
MV Switchgear- General
Current Transformer:
post-type, support-type or toroidal
CTs for measurement & protection

Dont leave a CT in open circuit because dangerous voltages for people and
equipment may appear across its terminal
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PROVIDING ENGINEERING FOR OPERATION TRAINING MV SWITCHGEAR

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MV SWITCHGEAR- Introduction
MV Switchgear- General
LPCT:
A magnetic sensor with integrated shunt
It provides a voltage output (Vs) which
represents the primary current
A new technology launched in 2002
Wide operating ranges
2 functions: measurement AND protection
Compact devices, plugged directly into the
protection relay
Comprehensive protection solution (e.g.
Sepam + LPCT protection system)
Accuracy guaranteed up to the short-time
circuit current
No danger in the event of accidental opening
of the secondary circuit

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PROVIDING ENGINEERING FOR OPERATION TRAINING MV SWITCHGEAR

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MV SWITCHGEAR- Introduction
MV Switchgear- General
Voltage transformers :
phase-phase, phase-ground.

Dont short circuit the secondary of VTs.

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PROVIDING ENGINEERING FOR OPERATION TRAINING MV SWITCHGEAR

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MV SWITCHGEAR- Introduction
MV Switchgear- General
Protection
Overcurrent (overload, short circuit,)
Over voltage
Negative sequence
Differential
Directional..
Monitoring and metering
U, I, P, Q, S, f, t
Wave capture
Remote / local indication.

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PROVIDING ENGINEERING FOR OPERATION TRAINING MV SWITCHGEAR

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MV SWITCHGEAR- Introduction
Electrical Network Overview

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PROVIDING ENGINEERING FOR OPERATION TRAINING MV SWITCHGEAR

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MV SWITCHGEAR- Introduction
Typical Vietnam T&D network

Primary
substation

Secondary
substation

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PROVIDING ENGINEERING FOR OPERATION TRAINING MV SWITCHGEAR

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MV SWITCHGEAR- Introduction
Schneiders Offer- MV Distribution Network- Over head 1/2

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PROVIDING ENGINEERING FOR OPERATION TRAINING MV SWITCHGEAR

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MV SWITCHGEAR- Introduction
Schneiders Offer- MV Distribution Network- Over head 2/2

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PROVIDING ENGINEERING FOR OPERATION TRAINING MV SWITCHGEAR

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MV SWITCHGEAR- Introduction
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PROVIDING ENGINEERING FOR OPERATION TRAINING MV SWITCHGEAR

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MV SWITCHGEAR- Introduction
Schneiders Offer- MV Distribution Network- Under ground 2/2

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PROVIDING ENGINEERING FOR OPERATION TRAINING MV SWITCHGEAR

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MV SWITCHGEAR- Introduction
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PROVIDING ENGINEERING FOR OPERATION TRAINING MV SWITCHGEAR

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MV SWITCHGEAR- Introduction
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PROVIDING ENGINEERING FOR OPERATION TRAINING MV SWITCHGEAR

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MV SWITCHGEAR- Introduction
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PROVIDING ENGINEERING FOR OPERATION TRAINING MV SWITCHGEAR

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MV SWITCHGEAR- Introduction
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PROVIDING ENGINEERING FOR OPERATION TRAINING MV SWITCHGEAR

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MV SWITCHGEAR- Introduction
Schneiders Offer- Infrastructure Network 2/3

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PROVIDING ENGINEERING FOR OPERATION TRAINING MV SWITCHGEAR

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Thanks!
Make the most of your energy

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