REGULATION OF

BLOOD PRESSURE
VALERA, ERLLYNE
SOSA, DIANE
REBONQUIN, MARIANE
PONFERRADO, MARK ANGELO

Maintenance of Resting Blood

Pressure
BLOOD PRESSURE HOMEOSTASIS
Situational adjustment of Blood
Pressure

BLOOD PRESSURE REGULATORY

MECHANISM
IMMEDIATE

INTERMEDIAT
LONG-TERM
E

Barorecepto Catecholam
r Reflex
ines
Chemorecep Renintor Reflex
Angiotensin
Brain (CNS)
Aldosterone
Ischaemic
System
Response
Vasopressin

RenalBody Fluid
Control
System

Recept
or
Afferent

Barorecepto
rs
Chemorecep
tors

Integrating
Center
Hypothalamus
Brain Stem:
Medulla
Spinal cord:
SYMPATHETIC
NERVOUS
SYSTEM

Effecto
rs
Efferent
Heart, Blood
vessels
Adrenal
medulla:
Catecholami
nes
Kidney:
Activation of
RAA system

CO

TPR =

BP

Cardiac Output
X
tal Peripheral Resistan
BLOOD PRESSURE

SYMPATHETIC TONE

Sympathe
tic
outflow

DIRECT CARDIOVASCULAR
EFFECTS

H
R

SV

VENOCONSTRICTI
ON
VENOUS
RETURN

CO

TPR =
BP

ARTERIOLAR
CONSTRICTIO
N
CAPILLARY
PRESSURE
ISF
FORMATION
PLASMA
LOSS

SYMPATHETIC TONE

Sympathe
tic
outflow

NEUROENDOCRINE EFFECTS
ADRENAL
MEDULLA
SECERETION OF
CATECHOLAMINES

CARDIOVASCULAR
EFFECTS
BLOOD PRESSURE

JUXTAGLOMERULA
R CELLS IN
KIDNEY
ACTIVATION OF
RENINANGIOTENSINALDOSTERONE
SYSTEM
VOLUME
EFFECTS

Short-Term &
Intermediate
BARORECEPT
Blood
Pressure
OR REFLEX
Regulation

BARORECEPTORS
LOW PRESSURE
BARORECEPTORS
ATRI
A

Volume receptors
Atrium
HIGH PRESSURE
BARORECEPTORS

Arteries (Carotid sinus,

Aortic Arch

Short-Term Blood
Pressure
CHEMORECEPTOR
Regulation
REFLEX

ARTERIAL
CHEMORECEPTORS
BP

BLOOD FLOW

STAGNATIO
N

O2 Delivery to tissues
(STAGNANT HYPOXIA)
CO2 uptake from tissues

O2
CO2

Stimulate VMC

BLOOD
PRESSURE

Sympathetic
dscharge

Short-Term Blood
Pressure
CNS ISCHAEMIC
Regulation
RESPONSE

CNS ISCHAEMIC RESPONSE

BP

BLOOD FLOW
Cerebr
al

STAGNATIO
N

O2 Delivery to tissues
(STAGNANT HYPOXIA)
VMCCO uptake from tissues
2

O2
CO2
BLOOD
PRESSURE

Sympathetic
discharge

RENINANGIOTENSINALDOSTERONE
SYSTEM
Intermediate
Blood Pressure
Regulation

RENIN-ANGIOTENSIN-ALDOSTERONE
SYSTEM
BLOOD
SYMPATHETI
VOLUME/PRESSUR Baroreceptor
C TONE
Reflex
E
Renal Perfusion
Pressure
Juxtaglomerular cells in
afferent arteriolar muscle
LIVER
in Kidney
Angiotensin
ogen

RENIN

Angiotensin
I

ANGIOTENSIN II
VASCULAR and VOLUME

AngiotensinConverting
Enzyme

ANGIOTENSIN II
Vascular
smooth
muscle
Sympathetic
nerve
endings

Vasoconstriction
Facilitates release
of Norepinephrine
Release of
Vasopressin

TP
R

B
P
Hypothalam
us

Increase Water
intake
BLOOD
Renal reabsorption
VOLUM
of Sodium & Water
E

CO

Adrenal
Cortex

Secretion of
ALDOSTERO
NE

CATECHOLAMIN
ES
Intermediate
Blood Pressure
Regulation

CATECHOLAMINES

Norepinephr
ine

Epinephrine

receptors

receptors

VASOCONSTRICTIO
N

TPR

Dopamine

CARDIOSTIMULATO
RY EFFECTS:
Automaticity (SA Nodal
Discharge)
Conductivity
Excitability
Myocardial contractility

BLOOD PRESSURE

HR
SV

Long -Term
Blood Pressure
Regulation
RENAL-FLUID BLOOD
REGULATION
REBONQUIN, MARIANE

RENAL REGULATION OF B.P

When blood volume and BP is increased,
KIDNEYS excrete excess fluid by

PRESSURE DIURESIS
- Increased urine formation as a result of
increased glomerular filtration due to raised
renal perfusion pressure

PRESSURE NATRIURESIS
-Increased urinary excretion of sodium as a
result of increased glomerular filtration of
sodium due to raised renal perfusion pressure

RENAL REGULATION OF B.P

When blood volume and BP is DECREASED:
Decrease glomerular capillary Hydrostatic
Pressure -> Decreased Glomerular Filtration Rate
OLIGURIA- decreased urine formation
ANURIA- renal shutdown- no urine formation

RESTORATION OF FLUID VOLUME OF THE BODY BY ADH IN VOLUME DEPLETION STATE.

[NTS: NUCLEUS TRACTUS SOLITARIOUS]

SEQUENTIAL EVENTS BY WHICH INCREASED SALT INTAKE

INCREASES THE ARTERIAL PRESSURE.

Increased salt intake

Increased extracellular volume
Increased arterial pressure
Decreased renin and angiotensin
Decreased renal retention of salt and water
Return of extracellular volume almost to
normal
Return of arterial pressure almost to normal

Thank
you!