Dinding Sel

FUNCTION of the wall:

Memberi bentuk,
Untuk proteksi sel,
Membatasi pertumbuhan,
Sebagai barrier,
lokasi adhesins,
contributes to motility...

Dinding Sel tumbuhan

Tebal, kuat kaku; pelindung sel
Bertautan antara sel 1 dg sel lain plasmodesmata
Sel muda ddg sel tipis lunak = ddg sel
primerdinamis
Sel dewasa ddg sel tebal, kuat, kaku = ddg sel
sekunder
Ssn molekuler tdr atas molekul protein & polisakarida
pd tumb tinggi : serabut = selulosa, matrix ddg sel
berupa glikoprotein & 2 jns polisakarida yi. Hemiselulosa
& pektin
Selain selulosa, hemiselulosa, pektin & glikoprotein, ddg
sel tumb jg mengandung lignin, kitin & suberin

In the absence of a cell wall, plant cells adopt a

spherical shape

Ddg sel primer & sekunder

Komponen penyusun ddg sel

primer
Polisakarida :
Selulose
Matrix polisakarida (hemiselulose, pektin)

Protein :
Protein struktural : arabinogalaktan, ekstensin
Enzimatik : ekspansin, pektin methylesterase

 Ddg sel fungi & bakteri berbeda dg ddg sel

tumb tinggi
Pd fungi struktur ddg sel berlapis2 tgt tk
kedewasaan fungi, & tdpt kitin & glukan
yg membedakan ddg sel fungi dg ddg sel
tumb tk tinggi.

Ddg sel bakteri

Ddg sel bakteri semi kaku krn mengandung

peptidoglikan
Pd bakteri Gr + kandungan peptidoglikan 40-90% & sbg
ciri khas tdpt asam teikoat 20-50% berat kering ddg sel.
Pd bakteri Gr kandungan peptidoglikan 1%

Note:
Protoplast: sel bakteri / fungi yg sensitive sec osmotik
akibat hilangnya ddg sel. Membran sitoplasma tetap
kokoh.
Spheroplast: Sel bakteri yg sec osmotik sensitive
akibat hilangnya sebagian ddg sel.
L-form: n [Lister Institute, London, where it was first
isolated] (1948) : suatu varian bakteri dg btk L dibwh
kondisi stress & tidak mempunyai ddg sel.

By electron microcopy

Peptidoglycan (murein) umum pd

bakteri Gram positif & Gram negatif.
peptidoglycan memiliki 2 komponen
glycan
N-acetylglucosamines & N-acetylmuramic acids
dihubungkan oleh -1,4 glycosidic bonds

peptide
tetrapeptide (in its mature form) dg dua btk D- & dua
btk L
Variasi ikatan peptida

Susunan

Organization

What we need to examine about composition

Components:
N-acetylglucosamine
N-acetylmuramic acid
D and L amino acids
Dicarboxylic acids

Linkages:
-1,4 glycoside
and peptide linkages

dicarboxylic acids:
oxalic acid............HOOC-COOH
maleic acid..........HOOC-CH2-COOH
succinic acid........HOOC-CH2-CH2-COOH
glutaric acid.........HOOC-CH2-CH2-CH2-COOH
adipic acid...........HOOC-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH2-COOH
pimelic acid.........HOOC-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH2-COOH

Dua diamino acids (satu diantaranya adalah

dicarboxylic)

Susunan

Susunan

The big picture of the gram positive WALL

What else needs to be known about

G+ and G- WALLS?
Gram POSITIVE
teichoic acids
phosphodiesters of
substituted
polyalcohols

What else needs to be known about

G+ and G- WALLS?
Gram POSITIVE
teichoic acids
phosphodiesters of
substituted
polyalcohols

Some bacteria have specialized surface

proteins, e. g., the M-protein of
Streptococcae spp.
The coiled-coil dimeric
nature of M protein and
its relationship to the
bacterial cell surface is
shown. The N-terminal
region of the M protein,
distal to the cell surface,
varies among different M
types, thereby providing
the molecular basis of the
Lancefield method of
serotyping group A
streptococci.

The big
picture of the
gram negative
ENVELOPE

What else needs to be known about

G+ and G- WALLS?
Gram NEGATIVE
have LPS:
LipoPolySacchrides

wall envelope ???

A cell is a discrete
mass surrounded
by a membrane
Typically (except for the
Mycoplasma and a few
other variants), there is

wall or membrane
distal to the cell
surface.

What is between the

cell membrane and
these outer
structures?

What is the periplasm?

A space between the cytoplasmic membrane and
peptidoglycan layer (gram positives) and the outer
envelope (gram negatives).
Function?
A repository for proteins that:
Bind sugars, amino acids, vitamins, and minerals;
Degrade large, impermeable macromolecules (this group
includes nucleases, proteases, phosphatases);
Detoxify noxious components (e. g., lactams [using betalactamases].)

OK for the overview

There are Gram positive and Gram negative
walls and envelopes.
What variations exist?
The previous question is effectively answered
by examining the Archea.
Interestingly, the Archea have variations in both
cytoplasmic membrane and cell wall structure
that substantiates the distinction between
Bacteria and Archea

Some Archea have proteinaceous surfaces

Called an S-layer

No Archea have an authentic murein

But some have a pseudomurein

Archea juga berbeda pd cytoplasmic

membranes