The position of an
object is described
by its position
vector, r
The displacement
of the object is
defined as the
change in its
position
r = rf - ri
In two- or three-dimensional
kinematics, everything is the same
as as in one-dimensional motion
except that we must now use full
vector notation
Average Velocity
r
t
Instantaneous Velocity
dt
t 0 t
Instantaneous Velocity,
cont
Average Acceleration
v f v i v
a
t f ti
t
As a particle
moves, v can be
found in different
ways
The average
acceleration is a
vector quantity
directed along v
Instantaneous
Acceleration
v dv
a lim
dt
t 0 t
Producing An Acceleration
Kinematic Equations, 2
Position vectorr xi yj
dr
i v j
v
v
x
y
Velocity
dt
Kinematic Equations, 3
The velocity
vector can be
represented by its
components
vf is generally not
along the
direction of either
vi or at
Kinematic Equations, 4
rf = ri + vit + at2
This indicates that the position vector
is the sum of three other vectors:
Kinematic Equations, 5
The vector
representation of
the position vector
rf is generally not in
the same direction
as vi or as ai
rf and vf are
generally not in the
same direction
Kinematic Equations,
Components
Kinematic Equations,
Component Equations
vf = vi + at becomes
rf = ri + vi t + at2 becomes
yf = yi + vyi t + ayt2
Projectile Motion
Assumptions of Projectile
Motion
Acceleration components
Displacements
2
g
y tan i x
x
2
2
2vi cos i
ax = 0
ay = -g
rf = ri + vi t + g t2
Projectile Motion
Implications
When analyzing
projectile motion, two
characteristics are of
special interest
The range, R, is the
horizontal distance of
the projectile
The maximum height
the projectile reaches
is h
Height of a Projectile,
equation
Range of a Projectile,
equation
Non-Symmetric Projectile
Motion
up and down or
symmetrical back to
initial height and then
the rest of the height
Changing Velocity in
Uniform Circular Motion
The vector
diagram shows v
= vf - vi
Centripetal Acceleration
Centripetal Acceleration,
cont
v2
aC
r
Period
Tangential Acceleration
Total Acceleration
The tangential
acceleration causes
the change in the
speed of the
particle
The radial
acceleration comes
from a change in
the direction of the
velocity vector
Total Acceleration,
equations
d v
The tangential acceleration:
at
dt
v2
ar aC
The radial acceleration:
r
Total Acceleration, In
Terms of Unit Vectors
Relative Velocity
Relative Velocity,
generalized
Reference frame S
is stationary
Reference frame S
is moving at vo
Define time t = 0
as that time when
the origins coincide
Relative Velocity,
equations
r = r vo t
v = v vo
Acceleration in Different
Frames of Reference