Before
After
Introduction
One of the most pre-dominant factors for selection of site for
establishing permanent settlements since ages
It has been a source of
Water
Foo
d
Hydropower
Transport
To dispose
waste
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Rivers
have
been
straightened and culverted
to provide flood protection
and to make maximum use
of land for housing, industry
Disturbed the ecological balance and disrupted the riverine
and agricultural use.
systems and their functions
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Aim:
The study endeavours to analyse through case studies and
examples of river restoration the impact of restoration on the
social, economic and ecological life in the city and how the
restoration of rivers has impacted the improvement in climate
of the city.
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A cross
section of a
river corridor
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Leading to loss of
Habitat from channelization
Excessive sedimentation
Increases in temperature and
Reduction in large woody debris
causing more homogeneous in stream
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Urbanization of watersheds
is
almost
invariably
accompanied by loss and
alteration
of
aquatic
habitats, two of the most
frequently
mentioned
causes
for
losses
of
aquatic biota.
Rapid urbanisation has
resulted in a clear decline
of drainage density and an
obvious
ecological
degradation
in
river
ecosystem.
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Hydrology
The impact of urbanisation on hydrology is evident from the following facts:
1. Disruption of natural water balance
2. Increased flood peaks
3. Increased stromwater runoff
4. More frequent flooding
5. Increased bankfull flows
6. Lower dry weather flow
. The bankfull flooding (or the condition of the flow that fills up the channel)
occurs much more frequently in highly urbanized areas and has the potential
to be extremely erosive and damaging to the natural morphology of the
stream.
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Geomorphology
The impact of urbanisation on geomorphology of the river is as
follows:
1. Stream widening & erosion
2. Reduced fish passage
3. Degradation of habitat structure
4. Decreased channel stability
5. Loss of pool-riffle structure
6.
InFragmentation
watershed of
with
lesstree
than
5%
riparian
canopy
impervious
cover stream
are:
7.
Decreased substrate
quality
1. Stable and persitine,
2. Maintaining good pool and riffle
structure
3. A large wetted perimeter during low
flow with a good riparian canopy
coverage.
. 8- 10 % impervious cover the stream
is:
1. Relatively stable however erosion are
more apparent and include loss of the
wetted perimeter
2. More eroded material in the bank and
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Water Quality
The impact of urbanisation on the
stream water quality is evident
through the following:
1. Increased stream temperature
2. Increased pollutants
3. Increased risk of shellfish bed/
beach clouser
Once urban development moved
into the floodplain, rivers were
heavily modified to allow maximum
land take and to provide the
subsequent flood protection that
these new developments required.
Hence there is a urgent need to
check the situation for the overall
sustainable development of city.
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Environme
ntal
Social
Economic
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Social benefits
1.Re-establishing natural channel processes
2.Improving wellbeing
3.Balancing community access and the needs of wildlife
4.Providing sustainable transport
5.Educating the community
. Economic benefits
1.Generating sustainable development and attracting business
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Case Study: 1
Flows through the heart of the city passing through the CBD
and connects the Han river in south
Cuts the city in two distinct parts
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Development of Slums
City faced problems of sanitation
The stream started getting polluted
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By 2002
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Design Criteria
Secure the stream capacity for 200 years frequency rainfall
(118mm/hr)
Access to Water: Install sidewalks along the lower level of the
bank
Basic design: secure flood capacity for 200 years frequency
rainfall and introduce lower terrace to enhance easy access to
water
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Sewer System
Combined sewer system for rainfall and wastewater
Capacity : 3 times of estimated wastewater
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Concepts
New green belt with waterfront: West to East
Gradual transformation from urban landscape to natural
environment
Create ecological biotop and environment
Thematic places: waterfall and fountains
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Challenges
Transportation
Neighboring Merchants
hallenge 1: Transportation
Cheonggye road &
highway
Urban backbone
corridor
170,000
vehicles/day
Traffic disaster
warned
Solution
Media, for
transportation
interest
group
Discourage driving cars in the city
Traffic
simulation
centre:
Leave cars at home one out
Project
delay
of 10 days
Improve traffic flow system
One-way streets
Improve public transport:
Bus-only lanes
Downtown shuttle buses
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Monitoring
Monitor the changes due to the project from Jan 2003~May
2006 (before, during and after the project)
Environm
Monitoring areas Traffic
Land use
ent
Speed in CBD
Industry
Air: NO: 69.7 to 46.0
15.5 to 3.6 km/hr ( Environment
12.3%)
ppb (-34%)
Ecology
Water quality: BOD:
Morning peak: 17
Traffic
km/hr
100~250 to 1~2 ppm
Public opinion
Noise level reduced
Evening peak: 12
Ripple effect
Heat island effect
km/hr
Car in/out flow
relieved
Wind corrider
1.56M to 1.27M (18.6%)
created
Public transport
Reduction of 3
rider-ship
degrees in
Bus: + 6~10 %
temperature
Subway: + 6~9 %
Thermal Image
27 July, 2005
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Changes in Ecology
Insects
15 to 125 species
6 to 36 species
Birds
6 to 25 species
Fishes
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Case Study: 2
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Case Study: 3
For Framing
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Source: Sabarmati Riverfront Development, Integrated Environmental Improvement and Urban Revitalization, India Urban
Conference, Mysore, November 2011
The city initially grew along the eastern coast of the river and the development
gradually spread across the river on the western side with the river playing a major part
in the development of the city
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The
construction
of
interceptor sewers on
both the riverbanks able
to prevent the waste water
to flow directly into the
river and diverting it to the
two sewage treatment
plants
of
Vasna
and
Pirana.
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Facilitated
improvement of
surrounding
residential
neighborhoods
the
the
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Potential for organizing trade fairs etc. Created a mile of cultural institutes, museums
and hospital facilities
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Conclusion
River restoration takes into consideration all the aspects of
sustainability like
Ecology and Environment
Economy,
Social life of the citizens,
History and culture of the city
Addresses the growth trends and urbanization
The river restoration in any city not only improves the quality of river and its
ecology but also affects the other sphere of sustainability i.e social and economic
life of the city and its citizens.
Helps to return the valuable land for public use, recreation and general activities
of the citizens;
It creates opportunities to give respect to the heritage and ecology of the city as it
considerably improve the air quality, water quality and the surrounding
environment
It helps to orient development of the city in integration with river.
It regenerates and renews all the precinct around it as it enhance the quality of life
, provides economic boost to the surrounding areas , gives an impetus to improve
Hence
river restoration and appropriate measure to revitalize the
the general economy of the city in larger context and saves the ecology by curbing
surroundings
in the cities
degenerated streams can assist to
the further deterioration
of the having
river.
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Reference:
(n.d.).
Retrieved
September
Fourth,
2013,
from
http://sustainabilitywriter.wordpress.com/2012/07/04/thecheonggyecheon-river-restoration-project-seoul-south-korea/
Association, D. o. (March, 2004). Ecological River Front Design.
Wasington DC: American Planning Association.
centre, T. r. (January, 2009). London Rivers Action Plan. London.
Habitat, U. (n.d.). Urban patterns for a green economy, working with
nature. Kenya: UN Habitat.
J. L. Cassin & L. Tear, R. F. (n.d.). Sustainable river restoration in urban
streams - using biological indicators to establish environmental flow
targets in the Pacific Northwest.
Khorshed Alam, D. M. (2006). Sustainibility and river restoration. 35 th
Australian Conference of economist (ACE), (pp. 1-21). Perth.
Paukert, J. L. (2009). Urbanization in great plains river: Effects on fishes
and food webs. Wiley inter science, 1-12.
Redondo, M. D. (2003). Social Impact assesment for river restoration: A
more sustainable perspective. Thesis.
Yuan Wen, P. J. (2006). Impact of urbanisation on structure and function of
river system- Case Study of Shanghai,China. Chinese Geographical
Science.
http://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s11769-006-0002-9.pdf
http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/1467-9493.00117/abstract
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