Virtual Reality

and
V.R.M.L
C O M P U T E R G RA P H I C S S E M I N A R
DAT E 1 8 / 0 9 / 2 0 1 5
S U B M I TT E D BY: S U M I T KU M A R ( 1 5 M M F 0 0 1 6 )
JOSSELIN PERROT(15INT0005)
VIRTUAL REALITY

Overview
Introduction
Types
Applications
Devices
VRML
Job opportunities
Future
Resources

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Classroom is a VE

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Definition
What is virtual reality(VR)?
A computer generated,immersive
(or wide field),multi-sensory information
program which tracks a user in real
time.

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History
Year

Person(s) Responsible

Why it was important

1965

Ivan Sutherland

The beginnings of VR

1977

Dan Sandin, Richard Sayre and Thomas Defanti

Interaction through body movement

1982

Bonnie MacBird (Writer)

The first computer- generated movie

1983

Myron Krueger

First virtual environment

1984

William Gibson (His assistant)

The term 'Cyberspace'

1987

Michael Piller (Writer)

The Holodeck, idea of immersive VR

1992

Stephen King (Official Website)

A look at the possible negative side of VR

1995

Silicon Graphics

Virtual Reality Modeling Language

1999

Larry and Andy Wachowski

Virtual Reality movie grosses $750M worldwide

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VRML - History
WWW conference in March 1994 - basic requirements
defined.
WWW conference October 1994 - draft specification of
VRML 1.0 presented.
Used language from a 3-D modeler
Version 1.0 introduced April 1995.
Version 97 now available and in use

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History
50s : beginning of VR researches

Sensorama, first
mechanical device with
multi-sensory system

1962 : Invention of the Sensorama

1968 : First Head Mounted Display (HMD)
80s : foundation of VPL research

Data Glove

EyePhone

90s : Development of VR devices in video games

General commercial failures

The sword of Damocles,

first HMD (1962)

VR tools
Head-mounted Display (HMD) :

Sight
Hearing

Google glasses, one of the most

Wired gloves (or datagloves) :

Touch

Odor generators :

Smell

Platforms :

Motion

Use of wired gloves in

VR tests

Platforms enable users to walk/run in

their Virtual Reality

Types
Immersive
Augmented
Text-based
Desktop (Window on a World)
Video Mapping

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What is Immersive VR?

A type of VR in which the user becomes immersed
(deeply involved) in a virtual world. it is also a form of VR
that uses computer related components.

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Types of Non-immersive VR
Text-based VR: when a reader of a certain text form a mental model of this
virtual world in their head from the description of people , places and things.
Augmented VR: the idea of taking what is real and adding to it in some way
so that user obtains more information from their environment.

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APPLICATIONS
OF
VIRTUAL REALITY

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Video games
Oculus Rift :

first prototype (DK1) in 2012

release in 2016
owned by Facebook

Development Kit 2 of
Oculus Rift

Ongoing Projects from every console editors :

Sony : Project Morpheus

Microsoft : Hololens

Aeropace
Astronautes training
Facilitate piloting
Give screened instructions on components

Astronauts equipped
with HMDs
Virtual Reality

Product design
Immersion facilitates the modelling of ideas
Prototypes in virtual environnements
More realistic simulations

Engineers can immerse themselves in

designs with virtual reality headsets

Marketing :
More attractive showcases
Virtual demonstrations
Virtual markets

Medical
Main benefits :
Safety
Time
Money

Applications for :
professionnals : doctors, surgeons, paramedics
patients

Concerning the doctors

Trainings :

Surgery
Dentistery
Paramedical

Facilitate the contact between patients and

doctors

Concerning the patients

Exposure therapy

Treatment against
arachnophobia

Treatment of phobias (flying, claustrophobia, arachnophobia )

Post Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD)

Pain managment

Help the patients distraction

Neuropsychological tests
Social cognition training
Test predicting
cognitive impairment
from patient

Patient using an HMD

during dental intervention

VRML
Background
Example VRML
Versions
VRML language
Creating a VRML world

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VRML - Background
Sometimes pronounced vermel.
A language for building 3-D worlds on the WWW.
Use a VRML browser to walk around virtual world.
Browser downloads file containing description of world (in
VRML format).
Browser interprets scene descriptions and renders the
resulting image.

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VRML - Background (contd..)

Manipulation is performed on client (host) computer.
Use of 3-D cards can speed performance.
Rendering performed through lens of a virtual camera.
Can move, twist and twirl.
Can alter lighting.

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Using VRML
VRML
Renderer
usually browser
plug-in or
ActiveX control

VRML
text file
*.wrl

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VRML Versions
1.0 Initial version. Static images.
97 aims to be multi-user, objects defined their
behavior, participants can see each other

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VRML Language
VRML 97 provides these extensions and enhancements to VRML 1.0:

Enhanced static worlds

Interaction
Animation
Scripting
Prototyping

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VRML Language
Script-like language in ASCII text
Given extension .wrl
For easy identification of VRML files, every VRML 97 file
must begin with the characters:
#VRML V2.0 utf8

Scene graphs consist of nodes

Each node has attributes
See example on web site

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VRML Working Process

Generation of a VRML file
Transmission of VRML file to viewer
Viewing of VRML world
Interacting with the VRML world

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The Structure
of
VRML
VRML can be viewed at a high level of abstraction as a
collection of objects which are called nodes.

These objects, or nodes, are defined for 3D graphics

Nodes are arranged in hierarchical structures called scene
graphs, which define an ordering for the nodes.

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The Structure
of
VRML
This was originally based on the Open Inventor 3D toolkit
developed by SGI, for VRML 1.0.

The scene graph represents such aspects of a 3D world as

geometry, materials, textures, geometric transformations,
lights, viewpoints, and nesting structures.

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Characteristics of a Node
A node might be a cube, a sphere, a texture map, a transformation, etc.
The node has parameters that distinguish the node from other nodes of the
same type.
The node has a name.
The node can be part of a hierarchy.

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Enhancement of VRML
VRML 97 adds five constructs to VRML 1.0 that can significantly
improve a 3D world.
Four of these (namely node event field, routes, sensors,
interpolators) connect and control animations, actions and
reactions.
The fifth (script nodes) allows for the interface with JavaScript
or Java programs.

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Enhancement of VRML
In addition, VRML 97 allows for video images (in MPEG format) to be mapped
to a surface, collision detection, fog, text that always points to the user,
contoured terrains, and texture mapped backgrounds.

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VRML Language -Nodes

Cylinder {
bottom TRUE
height 2
radius 1
side TRUE
top
TRUE
}

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VRML Language -Nodes

Cone {
bottomRadius 1
height
2
side
TRUE
bottom
TRUE
}

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VRML Language -Nodes

Box {
size 2 2 2
}

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VRML Language -Nodes

Sphere {
radius 1
}

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Coordinate Systems and

Transformations
VRML uses a Cartesian, right-handed, 3-dimensional coordinate system.
By default, objects are projected onto a 2-dimensional display device by
projecting them in the direction of the positive Z-axis, with the positive X-axis
to the right and the positive Y-axis up.

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VRML Language -Nodes

Y

Transform {
children

[]

scale
111
translation
000

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Effects of Transformation
translation
Transform {
translation 1 1 -1
children [

]}

rotation
translation 1 1 -1
rotation 0 1 0 0.785

scale
translation 1 1 -1
rotation 0 1 0 0.785
scale 0.5 1.0 0.5

VRML Language -Nodes

Coordinate {
point [ ]
}

Color {
color [ ]
}
PointSet {
color
coord
}

NULL
NULL
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VRML Language -Nodes

IndexedFaceSet {
color
NULL
coord
NULL
coordIndex
[]
normalIndex
[]
normalPerVertex TRUE
solid
TRUE
}

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VRML Language -Nodes

Appearance {
material
NULL
texture
NULL
textureTransform NULL
}

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VRML Language
Material - with attributes such as diffuseColor,
and shininess
diffuseColor 0 0 0 is black, 1 1 1 is white
shininess 1.0 is highly reflective
Translation - to specify position of object
Level of Detail (LOD) nodes allow varying
level of detail with distance
WWWAnchor creates link to another VRML
world

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Example 1 - source code

#VRML V2.0 utf8
DEF Machine3 Transform {
translation 2 0 0
rotation 0 1 0 0
children [
Shape {
geometry Box {
size 6 10 6
}
appearance Appearance {
material Material {
diffuseColor 0.2 0 0.8
}
}

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Appearance
Defines the look of some piece of geometry
Material

combination of
ambient colour, diffuse colour, emmisive colour,shinines, transparency, specular colour

Texture
defines a picture to paste to the object
fetch from a URL
supports movies

TextureTransform
defines how the picture is applied to the object

Material Examples
Material

Shiny Material
ambientIntensity 0.3
diffuseColor 0.1 0.7 0.2
specularColor 0.6 0.8 0.6
shininess 0.6
Dull Material
ambientIntensity 0.1
diffuseColor 0.1 0.7 0.2
shininess 0.0
Transparent Material
diffuseColor 0.1 0.7 0.2
transparency 0.5

Colour components defined in

RGB (red, green, blue triplets)

Lights
Provide illumination in the scene
DirectionalLight
PointLight
SpotLight

DirectionalLight
light rays travelling in parallel lines e.g. sunlight
DirectionalLight {
direction -1 -1 -1
intensity 0.8
}

Lights
PointLight
radiate in all directions

SpotLight
radiate only in certain directions, and with volumes of different intensity

SpotLight and PointLight attenuate - their effect can decrease over

distance

Other Things
Interaction
Scripting
Java
JavaScript

Interpolators
Sensors

Fog
Background
Audio
Video
LOD
Billboard

References
Internet Refernces:
www.uc-Berkley.com
www.Wikipedia.com

VRML Consortium/Web3D
http://www.vrml.org/

VRML repository:

Books:

http://vrml.sdsc.edu/

VRML 1.0 Specification

http://www.vrml.org/VRML1.0/vrml10c.html

VRML 2.0 Specification

http://www.vrml.org/VRML2.0/FINAL/

VRML97 Specification
http://www.web3d.org/Specifications/VRML97/

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