PRESUPPOSITION

Presented By:
6th Group

Aghnia Amanah Sari Proyadie

Dewi Mariana Siahaan
Frasasti Wahyu Nuraeni
Imelda
Rizki Amalia

Presupposition derives from the word to presuppose that means before the speaker
discussing about something and what he/she
will be delivered is understood by the other
person.

Speakers, not sentences, have presupposition,

symbolized as

>> stands for presupposes.

The relationship between two presuppositions:

Johns car is new
John has a car

(p)
(q)

P>>q = p presupposes q

CONSTANCY UNDER
NEGATION

When the speaker produces the opposite of the

sentence by negating, she/he finds that the
relationship of the presupposition does not
change.
Johns car is not new
John has a car

(not p)
(q)

Although p is negating (not p) but it still true and

make presupposition if John has a car (q)

TYPES OF PRESUPPOSITION
George Yule has classified Presupposition into 6 types:

Existential Presupposition (the X >> X exist)

Factive Presupposition

Lexical Presupposition

Structural Presupposition

Non-Factive Presupposition

Counterfactual Presupposition

EXISTENTIAL PRESUPPOSITION (THE X

>> X EXIST)
Definition:
Kinds:
Entities named by the

Noun Phrase

speaker and assumed

Possessive

to be present.

Construction
For Example:

Noun Phrase:
The Students feel asleep

Possessive Construction:
Johns car is new.

It can presuppose that John exist and he has a car.

FACTIVE PRESUPPOSITION
The presupposed information following a verb like

realize, regret, aware, know, odd, be glad, be

sorry, etc. and can be considered as a fact.
He did not realize he was ill

(>>

he was ill)
He regrets telling him

(>>

he told him)
Everybody knows that John is a gay (>>
John is a gay)

LEXICAL PRESUPPOSITION
In using one word, the speaker can act as if
another meaning will be understood.
For Example:

He stopped smoking

(>> he used

to smoking)

You are late again

(>> you are

late before)

Are you still such a bad driver?

you are bad driver)

(>>

STRUCTURAL PRESUPPOSITION
It is the assumption associated with
the use of certain structures.
Sentence structure is already
assumed to be true.
WH-Question Construction
For Example:

When did he realize he was poor? (>>

he was poor)
How did you know about John?
(>>
you know about John)

NON-FACTIVE PRESUPPOSITION
It is an assumption referred to something that is
not true. Verbs like dream, imagine and pretend
are used with the presupposition that what follows
is not true.
.
I dreamed that I have many cars

(>> I do not

have many cars)

She imagined that she is an actress

(>> she is not

an actress)
He pretended to be rich
rich)

(>> he is not

COUNTERFACTUAL
PRESUPPOSITION

It is assumption that what is presupposed is not only untrue,

but is the opposite of what is true, or contrary to facts.
For Example:

If I had Monas, I would stay there

(>> I do
not have Monas)

If she had a wing, she would fly to the sky

(>> she does not have a wing)

If he was a prince, he would have a temple

(>> he is not a prince)

CONCLUSI
ON

Presupposition is someone that had understand

what the speaker said although the speaker did

not mention it (implicit assumption) and its often
contradiction with what the speaker have said.

THANK YOU FOR YOUR ATTENTION