Mr.

Weber
Room 217

Take out your persuasive essays.

What were the most important factors
putting pressure on the institution of
slavery before the Civil War?
Volunteers to share?

Activator, agenda, and objective (10

minutes)
An Age of Reform lecture (30-45 minutes)
Voices of Freedom Primary Source
Analysis (30 minutes)
John Brown and Abraham Lincoln (30
minutes)
Thanks-taking reading
Exit ticket and homework (10 minutes)

AP Topic #10. The Crisis of the Union:

Pro- and antislavery arguments and
conicts.

1. What were the major expressions of

the antebellum reform impulse?
2. What were the sources and
significance of abolitionism?
3. How did abolitionism challenge barriers
to racial equality and free speech?
4. What were the sources and
significance of the antebellum womens
rights movement?

A. Overall patterns

B.

Voluntary associations
Wide-ranging targets and objectives
Activities and tactics
Breadth of appeal

Utopian communities

Overall patterns
Varieties of structures and purposes
Common visions
Cooperative organization of society
Social harmony
Narrowing of gap between rich and poor
Gender equality

B.

Utopian communities
2. Spiritual

communities

Shakers
Outlooks on gender and property
Outcome
Oneida
John Humphrey Noyes
Outlooks on gender and property
Outcome

B.

Utopian communities
3. Worldly

communities

Brook Farm
Transcendentalist origins
Influence of Charles Fourier
Outlooks on labor and leisure
Outcome
New Harmony
Communitarianism of Robert Owen
Forerunner at New Lanark, Scotland
Outlooks on labor, education, gender, and
community
Outcome

C.

Mainstream reform movements

Visions of liberation
From external servitudes (e.g. slavery,

war)
From internal servitudes (e.g. drink,
illiteracy, crime)

Influence of Second Great Awakening

Perfectionism
Appeal in burnt-over districts
Radicalization of reform causes
Badge of middle-class respectability

D.

Opposition to reform

Leading sources
Workers
Catholics
Immigrants

Points of controversy
Temperance crusade
Perfectionism
Imposition of middle-class Protestant

morality

E.

Ambiguities of reform
Impulse for liberation, individual freedom
Impulse for moral order, social control

F.

Program of institution building

Jails
Poorhouses
Asylums
Orphanages
Common schools
Thomas Mann
As embodiment of reform agenda
Reception and outcome

American Colonization Society

Founding
Principles

Gradual abolition
Removal of freed blacks to Africa

Establishment of Liberia
Skepticism over
Following
In North
In South

Black response

Emigration to Liberia
Opposition
First black national convention
Insistence on equal rights, as Americans

B.

Take-off of militant abolitionism

Distinctive spirit and themes

Demand for immediate abolition
Explosive denunciations of slavery
As a sin
As incompatible with American freedom
Rejection of colonization
Insistence on racial equality, rights for

blacks
Active role of blacks in movement
Mobilization of public opinion
Moral suasion

B.

Take-off of militant abolitionism

2. Initiatives

and methods

Founding of American Anti-Slavery Society

(AAAS)
Printed propaganda
Oratory; public meetings
Petitions

B.

Take-off of militant abolitionism

3. Pioneering

figures and publications

David Walker; An Appeal to the Coloured

Citizens of the World

William Lloyd Garrison

The Liberator
Thoughts on African Colonization

Theodore Weld; Slavery As It Is

Lydia Maria Child; An Appeal In Favor of

That Class of Americans Called Africans

4. Spread

and growth
5. Strongholds of support

B.

Take-off of militant abolitionism

6. Visions

of American freedom

Self-ownership as basis of freedom

Priority of personal liberty over rights to

property or local self-government

Freedom as universal entitlement,
regardless of race
Right to bodily integrity
7. Identification

with revolutionary heritage

C.

Black and white abolitionism

Prominence of blacks in movement

As
As
As
As
As

opponents of colonization
readers and supporters of The Liberator
members and officers of AAAS
organizers and speakers
writers

Racial strains within movement

Persistence of prejudice among white

abolitionists
White dominance of leadership positions
Growing black quest for independent role

C.

Black and white abolitionism

3. Remarkable

degree of egalitarianism among

white abolitionists
Anti-discrimination efforts in North
Spirit of interracial solidarity

4. Black

abolitionists distinctive stands on

freedom and Americanness
Exceptional hostility to racism
Exceptional impatience with celebrations of

American liberty; Freedom celebrations

Exceptional commitment to color-blind citizenship
Exceptional insistence on economic dimension to
freedom
5. Frederick

oration

Douglasss historic Fourth of July

D.Slavery and civil liberties

Assault on abolitionism
Mob violence
Attack on Garrison in Boston
Attack on James G. Birney in Cincinnati
Fatal attack on Elijah P. Lovejoy in Alton, Illinois
Suppression
Removal of literature from mails
Gag rule on petitions to House of
Representatives

Resulting spread of antislavery sentiment

in North

E.

Split within AAAS

Points of conflict
Role of women in movement
Garrisonian radicalism
Relationship of abolitionism to American

politics

Outcome
Formation of rival American and Foreign

Anti-Slavery Society
Founding of Liberty party
Weak performance of Liberty party in 1840
election

Rise of the public woman

Importance of women at grassroots of

abolitionism
Forms of involvement in public sphere

Petition drives
Meetings
Parades
Oratory

Range of reform movements involving women

Abolitionism as seedbed for feminist movement

New awareness of womens subordination

Path-breaking efforts of Angelina and Sarah
Grimk

Impassioned antislavery addresses

Controversy over women lecturers
Sarah Grimks Letters on the Equality of the Sexes

C.

Launching of womens rights movement;

Seneca Falls Convention

Roots in abolitionism
Influence of Grimk sisters
Leadership of antislavery veterans

Elizabeth Cady Stanton and Lucretia Mott

Seneca Falls Declaration of Sentiments

Echoes of Declaration of Independence
Demand for suffrage
Denunciation of wide-ranging inequalities

D.

Characteristics of feminism

E.

International scope
Middle-class orientation

Themes of feminism

Self-realization
Transcendentalist sensibility
Margaret Fullers Woman in the Nineteenth

Century

Right to participate in market revolution

Denial that home is womens sphere
Amelia Bloomers new style of dress

Analogy between marriage and slavery;

slavery of sex
Laws governing wives economic status
Law of domestic relations

F.

Tensions within feminist thought

Belief in equality of the sexes
Belief in natural differences

Why did Americans have an impulse to

improve American society in the first half of
the 19th century?
In what ways was the abolitionist movement
significant to the idea of American freedom?
What were the pros and cons of the
colonization movement and why were many
black people opposed to it?
Why is this a period of institution building?
How did the abolitionist movement and the
womens movement inuence each other?

What consequences foes Grimke believe

follow from the idea of rights being
founded in the individuals moral
being?
How does Douglass turn the ideals
proclaimed by white Americans into
weapons against slavery?
What do these documents suggest about
the language and arguments employed
by abolitionists?

Exit ticket:
What is the most interesting aspect of the
reform movements we have studied?
What are you finding most difficult in
terms of your academic success in this
class?
Homework:
Finish reading Ch. 12 for tomorrows test.