Polis dan

Perhitungan
Kontribusi
Asuransi Syariah

Oleh : Puji Sucia

Sukmaningrum

POLIS

Polis???
Polis adalah tanda bukti perjanjian
pertanggungan yang merupakan bukti tertulis.
Pada dasarnya, polis asuransi adalah suatu
kontrak yakni suatu perjanjian yang sah antara
penanggung/takaful operator (dalam hal ini
perusahaan asuransi) dengan
tertanggung/peserta,
Pihak penanggung bersedia menanggung
sejumlah kerugian yang mungkin timbul dimasa
yang akan datang dengan imbalan pembayaran
kontribusi (premi) tertentu dari tertanggung.

DOKUMEN RESMI PADA KONTRAK

TAKAFUL
Dokumen resmi pada kontrak takaful antara lain :
Ketentuan (Provisions) Parameter dari kontrak
Klausa (Clauses) kondisi spesifik atau special dari
suatu peristiwa/kejadian
Jaminan (Warranties) - Prasyarat
Pengeluaran/Pengecualian (Exclusions) hal-hal /
kemungkinan yang tidak dapat diklaim

(a) Provisions :
(i) General Provisions :
The contract (perjanjian)
Incontestability (tidak bisa dibantah)
Modification (perubahan)
Freedom from Restrictions (kebebasan dari batasan)
Age and Sex (umur & jenis kelamin)
Proof of Age (bukti usia)
Currency and Place of Payment (mata uang &
tempat pembayaran)

(ii) Contribution Provisions

Certificate Years and Anniversaries (Tahun sertifikat)
Payment (Pembayaran)
Change (perubahan)
Grace period (periode perpanjangan)
Contribution Clause (klausa kontribusi)
(iii) Fund Provisions
Shariah Approved Funds (Dana yang disetujui)
Valuation of Funds (Penilaian dana)
(iv) Ownership Provisions
The owner (Pemilik)
Change of Ownership (Perubahan pemilikan)
Assignment (Penugasan)
The Nominee (calon)
Revocation of Nomination (Penarikan kembali penunjukan)
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(b) Condition, Clauses, warranties and Exclusions

Conditions relates to what is not covered, what is covered
and under what circumstances; there are numerous clauses
contained in contracts of different kind; the following some of
the important clauses that a takaful company should
automatically incorporated :
Reinstatement Value Memorandum;
Special Provision
(c) Types of Takaful Contracts
Different takaful companies in different countries use slightly
different wordings for their contracts; in fact takaful companies
in the same country use different contract wordings because
these companies used different contract such as
Mudharabah, Wakalah and others ;
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 A main contract is a contract that is a stand-alone and

complete contract by itself; e.g. Takaful Education Certificate ;
A supplementary contract does not stand by itself, it is usually
attached to the main contract; e.g accident Supplementary
Certificate

PRINCIPLES OF TAKAFUL CONTRACT

The basic formalities in a commercial contract there must be :
(i) The subject matter (al-Maqud alaih);
(ii) Contracting parties (al-Muta aqidayn)
(iii) Consideration (al-Iwad al-Mutaqawwim)
(iv) Terms and conditions (Shurut)
(v) Ijab and Qabul

CONTOH PROSES PENERBITAN POLIS

CONTOH
PROPOSAL

Perhitungan
Kontribusi Asuransi
Syariah

MINIMUM
KONTRIBUS
I

KONTRIB
USI
FREKUENSI
PEMBAYAR
AN

MINIMUM
TOP-UP

ALOKASI KONTRIBUSI

CASE STUDY
Financial Authority (FA) mewajibkan operator resmi
memiliki minimum modal $2,000,000. FA juga
menentukan Required Solvency Margin untuk
general & family takaful funds yang memiliki
durasi kontrak s/d 1 tahun :
a) $100,000 atau
b) 20% dari kontribusi, mana yang lebih besar.
Pada pertengahan 2012, Perusahaan takaful
amanah memiliki modal $2,000,000. Shareholders
memperkirakan perusahaan memperoleh
pendapatan 15% dari modal shareholders.

 Takaful Amanah akan mengambil

25% dari surplus underwriting untuk
risk manager incentive
Budget takaful amanah pada
2012/2013 (juli 2012 juni 2013) :
BUDGET

TOTAL ($)

Staff Salaries & Benefits

250,000

Marketing Agency
Comission

500,000

Administration Expenses

125,000

Fixed Asset Depreciation

100,000

Miscellaneous

25,000

Total Management Cost

1,000,000

 Hitung wakalah fee (%) jika target gross

contribution pada tahun 2012 adalah
$5,000,000.
Solusi :
Total Marketing & Management Costs =
$1,000,000
Target Gross Contribution = $5,000,000
%Wakalah fee *Gross Contribution = Total
Marketing & Management Costs

%Wakalah fee = Total Marketing &

Management Costs / Gross Contribution
%Wakalah fee = $1,000,000 / $5,000,000
= 20%

 Takaful Amanah mencover 10,000 tentara

dengan umur 22 tahun. Takaful benefit flat
$100,000 jika terjadi kematian
Diasumsikan probabilitas kematian umur 22
tahun adalah 0.002, wakalah fee 20%, tidak
ada safety loading.Gross Contribution ?
Solusi :
Risk Contribution = 0.002 * 100,000 * 10,000
= $2,000,000
Gross Contribution = Risk Contribution
(1-wakalah fee)
= $2,000,000/0.8 = $2,500,000

(VI) THE ESSENTIALS OF PRODUCT PRICING

(a) Introduction
Product costs should not just reflect the raw material cost of the risk
exposures to be covered in the contract but consideration of everything
else that goes with the product. The various factors that need to be
considered include:
The risk contribution required to cover actual risk exposure only;
Marketing expenses;
Opportunity cost of capital needed to be retained in the takaful fund
to support the risks covered in the proposed product;
Profit expectations of takaful operator;
Retakaful expenses;
Anticipated investment profit rate of return to be earned from
investment of takaful fund assets;

The last factor is especially important for long term takaful contracts; it
will effect the takaful contribution amount due to the greater effect the
opportunity cost of capital will have on evaluating cash flows a long time
horizon.
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The actual contribution amount that will be required from the

participant is called the gross contribution (GC) where;
GC = RC + +E

Where;
GC = Gross contribution
RC = Risk Contribution
= Safety loading
E = Expense Margin

The formula is generic, regardless of operational model used;

Example:
If the expense margin could 25% of the gross contribution (10%
provision for agency commission and 15% for management
expenses) and assume not safely margin, = 0
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Therefore;
G = RC + + E
= RC + 0 + 0.25 GC
0.75GC = RC
GC = RC / 0.75
If safety loading is placed at 10% of gross contribution;
Then;
GC = RC + 0.1GC + 0.25GC
Therefore;
GC = RC/ 0.65
Example : A takaful scheme is proposed to cover a group of
construction workers. The risk contribution is set for
RM150,000. Calculate the gross contribution, where the
loading is 5% of gross contribution and marketing
management expenses is 15% of gross premium.
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safety
and

GC = RC + + E
= RC + 0.05GC + 0.15GC
= RC + 0.20GC
Therefore;
GC = RC / 0.8
Since
RC = 150,000
GC = 150,000 / 0.8 = RM187,500

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