Airport Construction Management

Airport
Airport: Airport means an area of land or water which

is used or intended to be used for the landing and

takeoff of aircraft; an appurtenant area used or
intended to be used for airport buildings or other
airport facilities or rights of way; and airport buildings
and facilities located in any of these areas, and
includes a heliport.

Simple View of Project Life Cycle

Project Life Cycle of Aviation

Project

Project Life Cycle of Aviation Project

Project Life Cycle of Aviation Project

1.

2.

3.

4.

The project definition period: Appraisal and strategic decision

at this time set the scene for the project success or failure. If
the project is badly defined, or if the strategy and risk
assessment are wrong, the project will probably fail.
The project fulfillment or execution period: Success now
depends greatly on the project manager and the main
contractor. Contractors and sub-contractors with fixed
contract will think their work successful if it is finished on
time, within budget and to specification.
The benefits realization period: Now the true success or failure
of the project will be discovered according to the perception of
the project owner and the stakeholders. Will all the expected
operational and financial benefits are delivered? How will the
wider body of stakeholders regard the performance of the
project? Can all the borrowed be repaid on time?
Disposal: Will the project leave residues in the ground and
pollute the environment? Will decommissioning mean

Important Issues for Good

Aviation Project Management
Good project definition and sound business case
Choosing and using the most appropriate project strategy
Choosing and using the most appropriate and proven technology
Strong support for the project and its manager from higher

management
Availability of sufficient funds and other resources
Firm control of changes to the authorized project
Technical competence
A sound quality culture with adequate quality procedures
throughout the organization
A suitable project organization structure
Appropriate regard for the health and safety of everyone
connected with the project
Good Project communications, both internally and externally
Well motivated people
Quick and fair resolution of conflict

List of Identified shortcomings

The project scope is not clearly stated and understood
The technical requirement are vague
The technical expectations are too ambitious
Estimates of the cost, the timescale or the expected benefits are too optimistic
Risk assessment is incomplete and flawed
The intended project strategy is inappropriate
Insufficient regard is paid to forecasting cash flows and the timely provisions of

funds
The funds required cannot be made available
There are insufficient resources in the organization to carry out the project
The interests and concerns of all stakeholders are not taken into account
Too little regard has been paid to the motivation and behavior of the people who
will execute the project
The project manager is not sufficiently experienced or is generally incompetent
Approval to proceed with the project is given for political, personal or intuitive
reasons without due consideration of the facts and forecasts in the business
plan
Senior management fail to support the project manager.

Airport Layout Design

The important factors to be considered during an airport layout.
Number and orientation of runways
Number of taxiways
Size and shape of aprons
Area and shape of available land
Topography and site soil conditions
Obstacles to air navigation
Required proximity of land uses within the airport boundary
Surrounding land uses
Timing and scale of phased development of the airport
Meteorology
Size and scale of airport facilities being planned

Airport Layout Design

Principal facilities to be considered in an airport plan includes:
Runways
Taxiways
Passenger terminals and aprons
Cargo terminals and aprons
Rescue and firefighting services
Air traffic control tower
Aircraft maintenance
Long-term and short-term parking
Access Roads
Rail and public transport access

Airport Layout Design

Navaids
Lighting
Flight Kitchens
Fuel farm
General Aviation terminal and apron
Sewage treatment and pumping stations
Electrical substations
Security fences and control gates
Hotels
Industrial uses

Airport Master Planning

Demand and Traffic
Passengers
Annual

passenger movements over the last 10 years

Monthly passenger movements over the last 5 years
Hourly passenger movements for 10 peak days during the last 5
years
Aircraft
Annual movements over the last 10 years
Monthly movements over the last 5 years
Hourly movements for 10 peak days during the last 5 years
Airline and ICAO estimates of regional passenger growth, both
domestic and international
Current and future aircraft fleet mix over the next 15 years
Historic patterns of military movements and estimates of growth
of these movements if the airport is shared facility
Scheduled pattern of operating airlines
Socioeconomic data (growth rate in region of airport, population,
emplyement, income, tourism, etc.)

Airport Master Planning

Environmental Data
Local planning regulations
Local development plans, both detailed and structural,

indicating plans for metropolitan and regional

development
Existing land uses and status of the development in the
airport surroundings
Local transportation plans
Relationship between local transportation plans and
national transportation plan and investment strategies at
various governmental levels
Local and national noise regulations, both current and
planned

Airport Master Planning

Physical Data
Meteorological data wind records, rainfall, snow, periods of low visibility
Topographical details to approximately 30 km around each airport with

contours to 10 m at a scale of 1:50,000

More detailed topography to a limit of 3-5 km outside airport boundary to
contour of approximately 1 m at a scale of 1:2000
As built plans of existing facilities with details of ownership
Detailed breakdown of square footage of existing building space allotted to
various functions
Architectural detail plans of any existing terminal (e.g. immigration, custom,
departure lounge, check-in, baggage claim, administration etc)
Structural details of construction of aprons, taxiways, runway and major
buildings.
Condition and extent of existing drainage and sewerage
Condition and extent of existing lighting on runways, taxiways, aprons and
approaches
Condition, type and capability of existing navigation and telecommunication
aids
Details of existing services/firefighting/apron services and so on
Other physical data, including existing flora and fauna

Airport Master Planning

Financial

Revenue/expense account
Debt structure
Capital expenditure
Assets/ liabilities
Breakdown of revenues by source
Legal limitation of debt structure and financing
Construction
Detail costs of unit of construction materials e.g. earth,
steel, concrete and masonry prices
Finish costs
Equipment costs

Airport Site Selection

Operational capacity: Airspace consideration, obstruction,

weather
Capacity Potential: Extent of available land, suitability for
construction
Ground Access: Distance from demand for aviation services,
regional highway infrastructure, public transport mode,
parking availability
Development costs: Terrain, land costs, nature of soil and
rock conditions
Environmental consequences: Aircraft noise, impact on flora
and fauna, ground run-off impacts, existence of endangered
species or cultural artifacts
Socioeconomic factors: Relocation of families and business,
changes in employment patterns, requirement for new
services
Areawide Planning: Impact on land use, transportation plans
at local and regional level

Airport Reference Code

Airport
Reference
Code

Runway
width (ft)

Allowable
Crosswind
(knots)

Runway field
length (m)

A-I and B-I

< 75

10.5

< 1200

A-II and B-II

75 - 100

13.0

1200 - 1500

A-III, B-III and

C-I to D-III

100 - 150

16.0

1200 - 1500

A-IV to D-VI
> 150
Catego
Aircraft
ry
Approach Speed
(knots)

20.0
Group

> 1500
Wingspan
(ft)

Up to 48

< 90

II

49 78

90 - 120

III

49 117

121 - 140

IV

118 170

141 - 165

171 213

> 166

VI

214 - 262

Airport Passenger Terminal

The passenger terminal is one of the most important elements of

the airport due to its essential role in providing services to air

travelers. The passenger terminal must be designed to perform a
number of basic functions:
1.

Facilitate the transition of passengers between surface and air

modes of transportation

2.

Provide a controlled and orderly environment for the processing

and flow of passengers

3.

Create a secure and comfortable environment for passengers to

gather and to wait, if necessary, prior to boarding the aircraft.

4.

Accommodate and facilitate all of the necessary and often

complex work processes with the operation and maintenance of
the terminal facility.

Runway Designation
Steps in Runway Designation

13R

4L

4R

Convert to degrees
Adjust the magnetic variance

13
L

Divide the bearing by 10

Round the nearest whole

number
31L
(if the answer is 0 use 36.
If there are multiple runways
designate Right or Left.
Note
Runway bearing is typically
reported as bearing angle
Runway designation uses the
31R
azimuth angle

22
L
22
L

Runway Designation
Ex: A proposed runway is determined to be N54030W with a
magnetic variance of 14045W. What should be the runway
designation?
Solution:
N54030W Bearing angle = 305.500 (Azimuth angle)
(N54030
N
14045W magnetic variance = 14.750
W)
Therefore, Runway Bearing = 305.500 - 14.750 = 290.750
Divide the bearing by 10 = 29.075
Round of the nearest whole number = 29
W
Therefore, Runway Designation = 11/29

Runway Length
Factors most strongly influence runway length
Characteristics of the aircraft
Landing and take off gross weight of the aircraft
Average maximum air temperature at airport
Elevation of the airport
Runway gradient
Condition of the runway surface

Airfield Pavements
Type of Pavements
Flexible Pavements
Rigid Pavements

.Need of Subgrade Stabilization

Poor drainage
Soft and very loose soil

.Methods of subgrade stabilization

Chemical stabilization
Mechanical stabilization

.Further Classification of Pavements

Heavy load Pavements Aircraft weighing 60,000lb (pounds)

or more
Light load Pavements Aircraft weighing less than 60,000 lb.

Airfield Pavement Performance

Variables that influence Airfield Pavement Performance
Load Variables

Aircraft gross load

Wheel load
Number and spacing of
wheels
Tire contact pressure
Number of application
Duration of load
application
Distribution of lateral
placement of loads
Type of load (Static or
Dynamic)

Environmental Variables

Precipitation
Ambient Temperature
Aircraft blast / heat
Fuel spillage
Structural variables
Number, thickness and
type of pavement
layers
Strength / Quality of
materials

Pavement Management System

One of the main goals of the pavement management

system is to select the type of repair that is most cost

effective for the condition of the pavement
Rate of deterioration is a function of many factors
Pavement Type
Subgrade soil
Traffic
Drainage
Environment
Quality of Construction

Pavement Management System

In the field of Pavement, there are five general

maintenance / repair strategies

Routine Maintenance
Preventive Maintenance
Deferred Maintenance
Rehabilitation
Reconstruction

Thank you