Lecture 2

Engr Ayesha Hakim

Understanding Projects
Consider two scenarios.
1. One needs a training program while
2. The other is Construction of building.
Assume that we have realized and defined
the problem into statement and now we are
at the third stage i.e., designing a project.

WBS
Activities can be divided into subactivites and work
packages. This process is called work break down
structure (WBS).
Work
Physical and mental effort, exertion or exercise of
skill to overcome obstacles and achieve an objective
Breakdown
division into parts or categories
Structure
something arrange in a definite pattern
There are levels of activities and work packages
which are made by indent button

1.Analyzing Project activities

A project includes a series of activities.
In this step we make a comprehensive sequential

list of the major activities that the project requires.

Project activities are divided into pieces known as

work packages (the lower-level activities that are
required to complete the activity).

We also create the estimates for the work packages

and roll up the costs into sub activities and activities.

Training Project Activities

Activities are as follows:
1. Prepare course materials
1.1 Modify course materials

1.1.1 Identify current materials

1.1.2 Compare current materials to XYZ skill list
1.1.3 Prepare list of modifications
1.1.4 Edit materials
1.2 Publish materials
1.3 Print materials

1.3.1 Duplicate materials

1.4 Ship materials to sites

1.4.1 Package materials

1.4.2 Address packages
1.4.3 Schedule delivery

Construction project Activities

For Construction project, task will be as follows:
1. Wining a Project Bid
2. Acquisition of Site and its Site Preparation
3. Demolish of Existing building
4. Working on Layout
5. Excavation
6. Sub-structure
7. Super-structure
8. Appearance of building

2.Identify Tasks and Times

In this stage we identify task and its duration.

Task is also written in Gantt Chart view under
the task list.
Task is a simple job which can be understood
and completed when assigned to the given
person.
The duration is well estimated either by
experience or the person who is assigned for
the task.
Tasks are entered directly or double clicking
task name cell.

4. Developing the project

Schedule
A project schedule includes

a sequence of activities

the relationship between the activities

and the timing of each activity.

There are two major tools for schedule of project:
Gantt Charts and networks, including PERT and
CPM.

Contd..

Gantt chart contains a list of tasks on time line.

Henry Gantt invented this method.

Pert (Program Evaluation and Review Technique)

was created by U.S. Navy to an ambitious
project: building the first nuclear submarine.

CPM (Critical Path Method) was developed by

Remington Rand Corporations J.E. Kelly and M.R.

Walker of DuPont Corporation to manage
maintenance projects in chemical-manufacturing
facilities.
Simple projects are easily managed by Gantt
chart while complex projects are managed by
PERT.

Linked Tasks
Tasks are of two kinds:

Related (involve Predecessors and Successors) and

Parallel (unrelated tasks).

Related tasks are of four kind:

Start to Finish
Finish to Start
Finish to Finish
Start to start

To Link to Tasks
1. Select the tasks you want to link and the press
link button
on Standard Toolbar
2. In front of task name, we have predecessor
column where we enter the serial no of a task
which we want to link.
3. Drag and Drop: Click in mid of a bar (which
represent the task), hold the mouse and then drop
on other bar

Linked Tasks
Below is the FS bars for tasks

Below is the SS bar for task

Below is the FF bar for task

Below is the SF bar for task

Splitting a Task
A task will start on particular date but you may
discover that a person completing the task is
going on vacations so vacation should not be
counted and we split the task

1. In Gantt Chart view, click the split task

button on the standard tool bar or choose

edit > Split Task from the menu
2. Position the pointer over the task ( in mid of
bar) you want to spilt and drag
3. Move the task to split it to the extent you
want

THANKS