GEOMATIC - Geomatics Concept

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my
GEOMATIC CONCEPTS
Sr. Dr. Mustaffa Bin Anjang Ahmad
B.Surv (UTM, Malaysia) Msc (UTM, Malaysia), Dr.Eng, ( Saga Univ., Japan)
(Geomatic Division)
Faculty of Civil & Environmental Engineering,
Universiti Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia, 86400 Batu Pahat,
Johor, MALAYSIA.
Phone : +6074564410; +60175183726; Fax :
+6074537060
E-mail : mustafa@uthm.edu.my
Web: http://www.fkass.uthm.edu.my/
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Definition
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Geomatics engineering is rapidly

developing discipline that focuses on
spatial information (i.e. information that
has a location).
Geomatics engineers apply engineering
principles to spatial & implement relational
data structures involving measurement
sciences, thus using GEOMATICS and
acting as spatial information engineers.
GEOMATICS <---->
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Geomatics is a new term incorporating the

older field of SURVEYING
along with many
SURVEYING
others aspects of spatial data management.
Following the advanced developments in digital
data processing,
Information with a spatial position associated
with it becomes more critical to decision-making,
Both from a personal and a business perspective,
Also from a community and a large-scale
governmental viewpoint.
GEOMATICS <---->
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Therefore, the geomatics engineers can

be involved SURVEYING
in an extremely wide
variety of information gathering
activities and applications.
Geomatics engineers design, develop,
and operate systems for collecting and
analyzing spatial information about the
land, the oceans, natural resources, and
manmade features.
GEOMATICS <---->
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Geomatics engineering applications

SURVEYING
include integrating
science and
technology from both new and traditional
disciplines:
Geodesy, also called geodetic science,

Cartography, computer & digital mapping,
Remote sensing, photogrammetry,
Hydrography,
Surveying,
GIS (Geographic Information Systems), and
GPS (Global Positioning Systems)
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Definition of
Geomatic
Geomatics is an umbrella term for

a cluster of activities and technologies
dealing with the locations and
identities of earth features.
Geo represent geography - the
art and science of developing and
interpreting graphical representations
of the earth.
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Definition of
Geomatic
matic is drawn from either

mathematic or information,
indicating that geomatic employs a
methodical and technical approach
to developing information about
earth features.
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Definition of
Geomatic
Geomatic measurement can be

defined as:
The science and art of making all
essential measurements in space to

determine the relative positions and
points or physical detail above, on,
or
beneath the earths surface and to
depict them in usable form, or to establish
the position of points or details.
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AREAS IN GEOMATIC
Mohd Effendi Daud (Dr. Sc)
B.Surv (UTM, Malaysia) Msc (UTM, Malaysia), Dr.Sc, (Nagoya Univ.,
Japan)
(Geomatic Division)
Johor, MALAYSIA.
Phone : +6074537363; +60197853740; Fax :
+6074537060
E-mail : effendi@uthm.edu.my
9
Overview
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Land Surveying
Is a traditional name applied to
measuring features directly in the field
with tools such theodolites, tapes,
electronic meters, levels, and level staff.
A common use of surveying today is to
map site in advance of a design for a
facility to be constructed.
Other applications are for locating land
boundaries and setting stakes to guide
construction.
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Overview
Land Surveying
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Overview
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Photogrammetry
Is the science of measuring from photos
as opposed to direct field
measurements. Most photogrammetry is
done with aerial photos taken from an
airplane with a precise mapping camera.
Most topographic maps are made by
photogrammetry today.
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Overview
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Photogrammetry
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Overview
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Remote Sensing
Is a general term about gathering

information about an object from a farremoved sensor.
In common usage, the term remote
sensing applies to the acquisition and
analysis of satellite imagery.
Mapping satellite orbit the earth and
sense the surface with a scanner,
sending the sensed images to earth for
further analysis.
14
Overview
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Remote Sensing
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Overview
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Geodesy
Is the term applied to the study of
earths size and shape. It is a highly
mathematical and scientific study of the
earths gravity field along with methods
of positioning the latitude and longitude
of points.
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Overview
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The Global Positioning System

(GPS)
Is a navigational system that uses a
constellation of satellites that were
initially designed and launched by the
defense department.
Civilian uses of GPS are for hunting,
fishing, and vehicle navigation.
Precise surveying is done by GPS.
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Global Positioning
System (GPS)
18
Overview
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Geographic Information System

(GIS)
Is a collection of computer hardware
and software used to house and analyze
digital maps of the terrain along with
information about the mapped objects.
Most government agencies have set up
GIS unit within the past several years
involving large public expenditure and
geomatic expertise.
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Geographic Information
System
(GIS)
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TYPES OF GEOMATIC
MEASUREMENT
Japan)
(Geomatic Division)
Johor, MALAYSIA.
Phone : +6074537363; +60197853740; Fax :
+6074537060
21
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Types of Geomatic
Measurement
Geomatic measurement or Surveying

has to do with the determination of the
relative spatial location of points on or
near the surface of the earth.
It is the art of
measuring horizontal and vertical distance
between objects,
measuring angles between lines, of
determining the direction of lines, and
establishing points by predetermined
angular and linear measurements
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Types of Geomatic
Measurement
The actual survey measurements must be

followed up with some mathematical
calculations.
Distances, angles, directions, locations,
elevations, areas, and volumes are thus
determined from the survey data.
Geomatic data is portrayed graphically
by the construction of maps, profiles,
cross sections, and diagrams.
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Types of Geomatic
Measurement
Geomatic measurement can be

generally divided into two types:
Plane Surveying, and
Geodetic Surveying
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Plane Surveying
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Simplifies the survey in that it treats the

surface of the earth as a flat plane.
The purpose of this kind of assumption is
to reduce the complexity in the
subsequent processing of the survey data.
This simplification of the earth does have
an indirect effect for larger projects.
In such type of surveying, the effects of
earth curvature is neglected.
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Geodetic
Surveying
Encompasses the determination of the size

and shape of the earth and its gravity field.
Calculation are much more elaborate
because the surface upon which the
measurements are being made and
reduced is a curved surface.
Required for large scale projects where
the effects of the earth curvature are
critical.
Surveying with GPS requires the engineer
to think in a geodetic surveying mode.
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BRANCHES IN
GEOMATIC
MEASUREMENT

Japan)
(Geomatic Division)
Johor, MALAYSIA.
Phone : +6074537363; +60197853740; Fax :
+6074537060
27
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Branches in
Geomatic
Measurement
Generally, surveys can be classified

by names descriptive of their
functions or purposes.
Functionally, surveys are classed as
engineering (construction),
topographic, and special surveys,
such as cadastral survey (property
surveys)
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Branches in
Geomatic
Measurement
Either plane or geodetic can be classified

by their purpose as follow:
Topographic Surveys
These are surveys where the physical
features of the earth are measured. Maps
and plans can be prepared to show their
relative positions both horizontally and
vertically. Depending upon the size of the
survey, they can be geodetic or plane.
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Topographic
Surveys
The work usually consists of the following:

Establishing horizontal and vertical control that
will serve as the framework of the survey
Determining enough horizontal locations and
elevation of ground points to provide enough
data for plotting when the map is prepared
Locating natural and man-made features that
may be required by the purpose of the survey.
Computing distance, angles or bearing, and
elevations
Drawing the topographic map
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Topographic
Surveys
The uses of topographic survey are for:
Engineering design,
Navigational,
Recreational,
Geographical,
Geological,
Military, and
exploration
The map or plan produced in topographic surve

Has scales ranging from 1:25,000 to 1:1,000,00
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Branches in
Geomatic
Measurement
Engineering Surveys
Engineering surveys are conducted to
obtain data essential for planning,
estimating, locating, and layout for the
various phases of construction activities or
project.
This type of survey includes
reconnaissance, preliminary, location, and
layout surveys.
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Engineering
Surveys
Some common uses of engineering

surveys are for:
Architectural work,
Building work,
Civil engineering works,
Town surveys, and
Highway surveys.
Typical scales range used in this type of

survey are from 1:50 to 1:50,000
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Engineering
Surveys
The objectives of engineering or construction

surveying include the following:
The obtaining of reconnaissance information and
preliminary data required by engineers for
selecting suitable routes and sites and for
preparing structural designs.
The defining of selected locations by establishing
a system of reference points.
The dimensioning of structure for preparation of
as-built plans.
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Branches in
Geomatic
Measurement
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Route Surveys
The tern route surveys refers to surveys
necessary for the location and construction
of lines of transportation or communication
that continue across country for some
distance, such as highways, railroads,
pipelines, and power lines.
Generally, the preliminary survey for this
work takes the form of topographic survey.
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Branches in
Geomatic
Measurement
Cadastral Surveys
This kind of survey is specially done for
locating the boundaries of fields,
houses, property lines, calculation of
areas of land properties and preparation
of revenue maps for the state
authorities. Cadastral surveys are
plotted to a larger scale than
topographical survey.
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Cadastral Surveys
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Presently, cadastral surveys generally

consists of the following chores:
Establishing markers or monuments to define and
thereby preserve the boundaries of land belonging
to a private concern, a corporation, or the
government.
Relocating markers of monuments legally
established by original surveys.
Calculating areas, distances, and directions and
preparing the land map to portray the survey data
so that it can be used as a permanent record.
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UNITS IN GEOMATIC
MEASUREMENT
Japan)
(Geomatic Division)
Johor, MALAYSIA.
Phone : +6074537363; +60197853740; Fax :
+6074537060
38
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Unit in Geomatic
Measurement
The major quantities measured in

geomatic are distances and angle.
These are obtained by using the
surveying instruments and recorded
in some measurement units;
Distance Units
Angular Units
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Distance Units
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The standard unit for distance

measurements is meter (m).
Distance measurements are recorded in
multiple units such as kilometers (km) or
sub units of meter such as centimeters
(cm) and milimeters (mm).
The following conversion factor must be
used:
1 km = 1000 m
1 cm = 0.01 m
1 mm = 0.001 m
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Distance Units
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Areas are recorded in square metres

(m2).
In cadastral surveying, the area be
recorded in hectares (ha) when it
exceeds 1000 square metres.
The following conversion factor can
be used;
1 ha = 10000 m2
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Angular Units
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Degree, Minute, and Second

It is commonly used system for angular
measuring instruments and for
calculation in engineering and surveying.
In this system 360 degrees make up a
circle, 60 minutes make a degree and 60
second make a minute.
Example: 133612
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Angular Units
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Decimal Degrees
Are the decimal equivalent of degrees,
minutes and seconds.
Most scientific calculators calculate
trigonometric functions of angles
expressed as decimal degrees.
Example: 360 = 360
1 = 1/60 = 0.017
1 = 1/60x60 = 1/3600 = 0.0003
133612 = 13 + 0.6 + 0.0033 = 13.6033
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Summary of Units
in Geomatic
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Linear measurement
1 kilometer
1 meter
1 centimeter
1 decimeter
1 hectare (ha)
1 square kilometer
Metric (SI) units

=
=
=
=
=
=
=
1,000 meter
100 centimeter
10 millimeter
10 centimeter
10,000 m 2
1,000,000 m 2
100 hectares
Foot-to-metric conversion
1 inch = 25,4 mm (exactly)
1 ft =
1 km =
1 hectare (ha) =
1 km2 =
0.3048 m (exactly)
0.62137 miles (approx.)
2.471 acres (approx.)
247.1 acres (approx.)
Angular measurement
1 revolution = 360
1 degree
= 60'
1 minute
= 60" seconds
1' = 1/60 = 0,0017
1" = 1/60x60 = 1/3600 = 0.0003
44
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SCALES IN GEOMATIC
MEASUREMENTS
Japan)
(Geomatic Division)
Johor, MALAYSIA.
Phone : +6074537363; +60197853740; Fax :
+6074537060
45
www.uthm.edu.my
Scales in Geomatic
Measurements
The scale of a map or plan is the ratio

of the ground length to the map or
plan length.
A scale 1:1000 indicates that one
meter on the plan represents 1000 m
on the ground.
Small scale surveys cover large
areas.
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Scales in Geomatic
Measurements
The preferred scales for used with

the metric system are:
Large scale
:
1:1000 000 to 1:50
000
Medium scale : 1:10 000 to 1:1000
Small scale
:
1:500 to 1:50 or
larger
47
Exercise 1
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Give the exact definition of

Geomatic? Discuss briefly the various
disciplines in Geomatic.
48
Exercise 2
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Explain the difference between Plane

Survey and Geodetic Survey with
respect to geomatic measurement.
What is the significant difference
between topographic survey and
engineering survey in terms of their
uses and scales.
49
Exercise 3
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What is the equivalent value of 20

hectares in square meters?
Convert the angular units of
303515 to decimal degrees.
A town map with the scale 1:15000 is
considered as what kind of map
scale?
50

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www.uthm.edu.

Geomatics engineering is rapidly

Geomatics is a new term incorporating the

With Wisdom, We Explore

Therefore, the geomatics engineers can

Geomatics engineering applications

Geodesy, also called geodetic science,

Geomatics is an umbrella term for

matic is drawn from either

With Wisdom, We Explore

Geomatic measurement can be

essential measurements in space to

With Wisdom, We Explore

With Wisdom, We Explore

With Wisdom, We Explore

Is a general term about gathering

With Wisdom, We Explore

With Wisdom, We Explore

The Global Positioning System

Geographic Information System

With Wisdom, We Explore

Geomatic measurement or Surveying

The actual survey measurements must be

Geomatic measurement can be

With Wisdom, We Explore

Simplifies the survey in that it treats the

Encompasses the determination of the size

Mohd Effendi Daud (Dr. Sc)

Generally, surveys can be classified

Either plane or geodetic can be classified

The work usually consists of the following:

The uses of topographic survey are for:

The map or plan produced in topographic surve

Some common uses of engineering

Typical scales range used in this type of

The objectives of engineering or construction

With Wisdom, We Explore

Presently, cadastral surveys generally

The major quantities measured in

With Wisdom, We Explore

The standard unit for distance

Areas are recorded in square metres

Degree, Minute, and Second

With Wisdom, We Explore

Metric (SI) units

With Wisdom, We Explore

The scale of a map or plan is the ratio

The preferred scales for used with

With Wisdom, We Explore

Give the exact definition of

With Wisdom, We Explore

Explain the difference between Plane

With Wisdom, We Explore

What is the equivalent value of 20

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