T-beam bridge
No cross beams
Slab design as a one way slab
Does not possess much torsional rigidity
This type is not adopted in recent designs
girders
No cross
beam
With
diaphragm
With cross
beam
deflection
100%
74%
63%
Load distribution
Poor
Better
best
Ultimate load
capacity
100%
132%
162%
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
Components of a T-Beam
Bridge
Deck slab
Cantilever portion
Footpaths : if provided,kerbs and handrails
Longitudinal girders
Cross beam or diaphragms
Wearing course
Cross-beam
Cross beam are provided mainly to stiffen the girders and to reduce torsion in t
Exterior girders
Design components
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
Deck slab
End longitudinal girder
Intermediate longitudinal girder
End cross beam
Intermediate cross beam
Cantilever portion
Design steps
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
Design data
B.M due to dead load
B.M due to live load
Design B.M
Main reinforcement
Distribution reinforcement
e maximum B.M under any wheel load occurs when the center of the span is mid
tween the C.G of load system and the wheel load under consideration
3.2
Box culvert
ulvertis a structure that allows water to flow under a road, railroad, trail, or simi
ruction from one side to the other side. Typically embedded so as to be surround
oil, a culvert may be made from a pipe , reinforced concrete or other material
esign Loads
Concentrated loads
Uniform Distributed load
Weight of side walls
Water pressure inside walls
Earth pressure on Vertical Side walls
Uniform Lateral Load on Side Walls