DESCRIPTION OF COMPONENTS

IC 555: The 555 timer contains over 23 transistors , 16 resistors and two
diodes. The IC 555 timer relies upon an external capacitor to determine the offon time intervals of the output pulses. The IC 555 timer cannot create a pulse
by itself. The details of this integrated chip are provided in a later section.
Light Emitting Diode (LED) : LED is a p-n junction diode which emits light
when forward biased. When a suitable voltage is applied to the leads,
electrons are able to recombine with electron holes within the device, releasing
energy in the form of photons.

Circuit Symbol :
The LED consists of a chip of semiconducting material doped with impurities
to create a p-n junction. When an electron meets a hole, it falls into a lower
energy level and releases energy in the form of a photon. The wavelength of
the light emitted, and thus its colour, depends on the band gap energy of the
materials forming the p-n junction. Their threshold voltage is 1.6Volts to
2.4Volts.Unlike incandescent light bulbs ,LEDs never burn out.

DESCRIPTION OF COMPONENTS
Resistor: A resistor is a two-terminal electrical component that implements electrical resistance as a circuit
element. Resistors act to reduce current flow, and at the same time, act to lower voltage levels within
circuits. The resistors used in this circuit are carbon composition resistors.
Circuit Symbol:

Capacitor: A Capacitor consists of two conductors that are separated by an insulator. It is a two-terminal
electrical component used to store energy electrostatically in an electric field. When there is a potential
difference across the conductors, an electric field develops across the dielectric, causing positive
charge to collect on one plate and negative charge to collect on the other plate.
Circuit Symbol:

Battery: An electric battery is a device consisting of one or more electrochemical cells that convert stored
chemical energy into electrical energy. Each cell contains a positive terminal and a negative terminal.
Circuit Symbol:

Working Circuit

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ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
I would like to express sincere gratitude
to my teacher Mrs. Rekha L Shastry as well as our
principal Mrs. Mamatha Raviprakash for providing an
opportunity to carry out a project Do you conduct
electricity? which has helped me to acquire a lot of
knowledge .
I would also like to thank our laboratory assistant,
Mr. Dinesh , my friends and parents who have helped
me a lot in finalizing this project within the limited time
frame.

INDEX
Sl.No.

Content

Page No.

Objective

Introduction

Materials required

Circuit Diagram

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6
7

Description of
Components
Construction of the
Circuit
Working of the
Circuit

5
7
8

Observations

Conclusions

11

10

Working circuit

12

11

Bibliography

13

BIBLIOGRAPHY
1.Basic Electronics by Suyash Dake
2. NCERT Lab Manual
3.www.Google.com

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