AND SEDIMENT
TRANSPORT
Presentation by
P.RAHUL REDDY
G.ANUSHA
P.MRUTHYUNJAY
WHAT IS A SEDIMENT ??
Sediment refers to the
conglomerate of materials, organic
and inorganic, that can be carried
away by water, wind or ice
FACTORS OF ORIGIN
Land and fluvial erosion at edges
Glacier melting phenomenon
Volcanic eruptions of geological
formations
Scouring at river bottom
SEDIMENT TRANSPORT
(or SEDIMENT LOAD TRANSPORT)
SUSPENDE
D LOAD
INSTRUMENTS TO CALCULATE
SEDIMENT LOAD:
OPTICAL
BACKSCATTER
POINT SENSOR
NUCLEAR
SENSORS
spawning zones
Promotes aquatic habitat
Controls the course of the
river
flow
2. Water
level
3. Human
influence
WATER FLOW
Flow is required to initiate the
transport
SETTLING RATE
BOUNDARY
STRESSES
LAYER SHEAR
= f * u2
= shear stress
f = fluid density
u = characteristic velocity of
turbulent flow
SHEAR VELOCITY
u = Sqrt(g * h * S)
u = shear velocity
g = gravitational constant
h = river depth
S = river slope
WATER LEVEL
Water level is mainly influenced by
weather conditions , seasonal
effects and Local topography
HUMAN INFLUENCE
Anthropogenic factors, such as dams
and altered land use will affect both
the sediment load and sediment
transport rate
The Elwha Dam was removed as part of the Elwha River Restoration project. This project
removed two major dams to improve natural sediment transport levels along the river, as
well as opening the waterway to salmon migration and spawning.
SEDIMENT
LEVELS
Too much?
Too
little?
TOO MUCH
High TURBIDITY
Algal blooms
Deposition build up
TOO LITTLE
Alter Ecosystem
CONTAMINATED SEDIMENT:
Contaminated sediments are the accumulated riverbed
materials that contain toxic or hazardous substances that
are detrimental to aquatic, human or environmental
health.
The most problematic contaminants in both bedded and
suspended sediment are metals and persistent
bioaccumulative toxics (PBTs), such as pesticides and
methyl mercury.
SCOUR
SONAR
GROYNE
Agroyneis a rigidhydraulic
structurebuilt from an ocean shore or
from a bank that interrupts water flow
and limits the movement ofsediment
BREAKWATERS
Breakwatersare structures
constructed on coasts as part ofcoastal
defence or to protect an anchorage from
the effects of
bothweatherandlongshore drift
DROP STRUCTURE
Adrop structure, also known as agrade
control,sill, orweir, is a manmade structure,
typically small and built on minor streams,
or as part of a dam'sspillway, to pass water
to a lower elevation while controlling the
energy and velocity of the water as it passes
over.
REFERENCES:
http://www.fondriest.com/environmentalmeasurements/parameters/hydrology/sedimen
t-transport-deposition/#std1
www.vliz.be
A textbook on Hydraulic structures by
S.K.GARG
THANK YOU