GSM P&O Training Material For Skill Certificate-GPRS Basic Principle

GPRS Basic Principle
GSM P&O Department
Objective
At the end of this course, you will be able to understand:
GPRS network architecture and characteristics
GPRS interfaces and protocols
GPRS air interface technology
GPRS working flow
Evolution from GPRS to 3G
Content
GPRS Network Overview
GPRS Radio Interface technology
GPRS Mobility Management
GPRS Session Management
GPRS Data Transferring Process
Process of Evolution from GPRS to 3G
GPRS network overview
What is GPRS?
GPRS General Packet Radio Service
Packet switch is most efficient way of using

frequency in data application.
GPRS = mobile + IP, which is the

integration of GSM radio access technique
and internet packet switch technique.
Production & Evolution of GPRS
GPRS Production & Evolution

GPRS is mobile packet data service based on GSM mobile
Telecommunication system. GPRS system is a subsidiary of
previous GSM circuit switch system for fulfilling users demand as to

use MS to access internet or other packet data network.
GPRS realizes packet data transmission by adding series of
functional entities based on previous GSM network. Newly-added

entities and existing entities after software upgrading constitute
GSM-GPRS network providing GPRS data service while existing
GSM network providing circuit service.
GPRS Features
GPRS features
adapted to aperiodic bursty data service
uplink and downlink can be asymmetrical. Data rate is changeable.
flexible resource management style
GSM voice and GPRS data service share RR dynamically.
MS has various mapping relationships with channels.
One MS can has multiple data sessions simultaneously.
Coding mode: CS-1 CS-4 data rate 9.05 171.2kbit/s

Major interface protocols (Internet X.25 SMS) are supported.
Shared GSM infrastructure to reduce network operation cost.
Charge fees based on data quantity.
GPRS Services
Bearing service
WWW scanning, FTP, WAP and E-mail etc.
PTP
Unconnected PTP service (PTP-CLNS) like IP
Connected PTP service (PTP-CONS) like X.25
PTM GPRS provide in the second phase

PTM-M multicasting
PTM-G group calling
IP-M multicasting
GPRS Services
Telecom Service
PTP: E-mail, electronic monitoring, online games
PTM weather forecast
Mobile IP
Complementary service
GSM phase2 supplementary service supported by GPRS
GPRS specified supplementary service
GPRS service & existing service
Relationship with GSM SMS service
Relationship with circuit switch service
three network working mode
three kinds of terminals
conditions in which two services are applied

United GPRS & IMSI attachment and detachment
United router area & location area upgrading
B series MS suspension & restoration
GPRS network encourages the function of CS paging
GPRS System Message
System message1
System message 3
System message 5
System message 2
System
message
System message 4
System message 13
GPRS Network Infrastructure
PCU Function
RLC/MAC layer function
DL PDU at LLC divided into
Radio resource management function
Channel access control function
RLC data block
such as access request and
UL RLC data block
access permission
recomposed into PDU at LLC

layer
PDCH UL & DL ARQ protocol
Allocate UL & DL radio resource
Radio channel management

function such as power control,
congestion control and
broadcasting control messages.
SGSN Function
Network Access Control
Authentication
Management
encryption
IMEI
Logical Link Management
SN-MS
check
of SG
logical links
Acknowledgement
User Info Management
Mobility
information
Endorsement
info.
or
unacknowledgement
transfer
Path Management
SGSN-BSS
data
transferring path
management
SGSN-GGSN
and
SGSN-SGSN path
management
Path and Tunnel Transferring

Storage
and transferring
of user data
Router selection
Address translation and
mapping
Package and tunneling
transferring
Charge Management
GGSN Function
Network Access Control
Message
filtering
Charging
info collection
Dynamic allocate IP address

SGSN-BSS
data
transferring path
management
SGSN-GGSN
Router selection
management
and transferring
Mobility
and
info
Endorsement
Service Management
Storage
and transferring
of user data
Management
SGSN-SGSN path
management
Mobility and session
Charge Management
CG
charging
Radius
of APN
info
charging
HLR Function
GPRS subscriber subscription data
User authentication
GMM or router selection information upgrading and

manipulation
Save and upgrade SGSN number and address of user service
GPRS user location deleting indication
MS availability
user tracing (optional)
MSC/VLR additional function
SGSN connection with MSC by Gs interface (Gs interface

is optional
United IMSI/GPRS attachment & detachment
United location area & router area upgrading
Circuit paging coordination function
Enhance radio resource utilizing rate
GPRS Support SMS
SGSN connects with SMSC via Gd interface to send SMS

by GPRS
SMS service effect on voice service

SMS resource can be shared
operator can choose to transmit SMS either by MSC or

SGSN
GPRS Network Interface

MSC/VLR
HLR
SS7
Gs
Gr
Gi
BTS
BSC PCU
SGSN
IP Network
GGSN
Gb
Abis
Um
MS
Gn
Gn
Gn
SGSN
GPRS
Backbone
Gn
GGSN
BG
BG
Gp
BG
BG
Other PLMN
Major Interfaces Function
Um interface
Through which MS communicate with GPRS network supporting
functions such as packet data transferring, SMS, SM and RRM.
Gb interface
SGSN communicates with BSS and MS via Gb interface which
supports the function of packet data transferring, GMS and SM. This
interface is a must in GPRS network.
Gi interface
Gi interface connects GPRS with exterior packet data network. GPRS
connects with PDN including internet or ISDN via Gi interface.

Operations such as Encapsulation, decapsulation, address conversion,
user authentication are needed on this interface.
Major Interfaces Function
Gn interface
Gn interface is interface between GPRS service supporting nodes,
i.e. interfaces between SGSN, between SGSN and GGSN, and

works based on GTP.
Gs interfaces
Via Gs interface , SGSN together with MSC realizes the function
of GMM including united Attach & Detach, upgrading of united

router area & location area. SGSN will also receive CS paging info
from MSC and transmit to MS through PCU.
Others
Gr Gd GP Gc Gf.
GPRS Data Transferring Platform

Application
IP/X.25
IP/X.25
Relay
SNDCP
GTP
SNDCP
LLC
GTP
LLC
UDP/TCP
UDP/TCP
IP
IP
Relay
RLC
BSSGP
RLC
BSSGP
MAC
MAC
Network
Service
Network
Service
L2
L2
GSM RF
GSM RF
L1 bis
L1 bis
L1
L1
Um
MS
BSS/PCU
Gb
SGSN
Gn
GGSN
Gi
Physical layer
Its categorized into radio frequency layer and physical layer
Protocol of L1bis L1 L2
There are no fixed regulations on that. Different
manufacturers may have different solutions.
RLC/MAC
RLC provides reliable RL for upper service and MAC is
responsible for channel positioning and reuse. RLC and

MAC constitute OSI layer protocol with Um interface, and
use service provided by physical link layer.
NS
NS realizes transferring function based on BSSGP which lays on the basis

of flame layer connection between BSS and SGSN and passes through
switch nodes of frame layer.
BSSGP
In DL, SGSN provides BSS with radio information to realize RLC&MAC

function; In UL, BSS provides SGSN with radio information gotten from
RLC&MAC. BSSGP enables function of BSS and SGSN management.
This layer transmits router and Qos information between BSS and SGSN
without error correction function.
Relay
Relay in BSS is relay LLC PDU between Um and Gb while Relay in SGSN
is to relay PDP PDU between Gb and Gn.
LLC
LLC is reliable and protective logical link between MS and SGSN
and is dependent of lower layer radio interface protocol. It has two

transferring mode: acknowledgement and non-acknowledgement.
SNDCP
Its network protocol which is responsible for mapping,
compression, subsection, sequence and reuse. Main function

include reuse multiple PDP, compress or decompress user data
and protocol control information, partition N-PDU into LL-PDU or
encapsulate reversely.
GTP
This protocol encourages data and signaling transferring between supporting

nodes of GPRS key network. PTP PDU PD should be encapsulated with GTP.
UDP/TCP
They belongs to transmit layer protocol , providing end-to-end reliable link.

TCP (connection protocol) provides with flow protection and control function
and guarantee the correctness of data transferring while UDP (non-connection)
is just the transceiver of datagram without error correcting capability and not
caring about whether the datagram has been correctly received.
IP
GPRS backbone network protocol is used for router selection and signaling
control. GPRS backbone network preliminarily use IP V4, later will use IP V6.
GPRS Signaling Platform

GMM/SM
GMM/SM
MAP
MAP
LLC
LLC
TCAP
TCAP
SCCP
SCCP
Relay
RLC
RLC
MAC
MAC
GSM RF
BSSGP
BSSGP
MTP3
MTP3
Network
Service
GSM RF L1bis
Network
Service
L1bis
MTP2
MTP2
L1
L1
Um
MS
BSS
Gb
SGSN
SGSN
MS-SGSN
GTP
GTP
UDP
UDP
IP
IP
L2
L2
L1
L1
GSN
Gn
GSN-GSN
GSN
Gr/Gf/Gd
BSSAP+
BSSAP+
SCCP
SCCP
MTP3
MTP3
MTP2
MTP2
L1
L1
HLR
SGSN-HLR/EIR/SMS
MAP
TCAP
SCCP
SCCP
MTP3
MTP3
MTP2
MTP2
L1
L1
GGSN
Gc
HLR
MSC/VLR
SGSN-MSC/VLR
Interworking
MAP
TCAP
Gs
SGSN
GTP
GTP
MAP
MAP
TCAP
TCAP
UDP
UDP
SCCP
SCCP
IP
IP
MTP3
MTP3
L2
L2
MTP2
MTP2
L1
L1
L1
L1
GGSN
Gn
GSN
Gc
HLR
Content
GPRS radio interface technology
GPRS Logical Channel Type

CS
PDTCH/CS1
Traffic CH
Logical CH
PDTCH/CS2
PDTCH/CS3
PDTCH/CS4
PS
PBCCH
PRACH
Control CH
PCCCH
PAGCH
PPCH
PNCH
PACCH
PDCCH
PTCCH/D
PTCCH/U
GPRS Logical Channel Type
Packet Data Channel (PDCH)

include packet service channel and packet control channel
Packet Data Traffic Channel (PDTCH)

Unidirectional traffic channel PDTCH/U PDTCH/D
Packet Control Channel

Broadcasting control channel PBCCH
Common control channel PPCH PRACH PAGCH
PNCH send notification message

Dedicated control channel PACCH PTCCH/U to
estimate TA PTCCH/D send TA upgrading

message
Packet Logical Channel Combining mode
Combination of logical channels

Mode 1 PBCCH PCCCH PDTCH PACCH PTCCH
Mode 2 PCCCH PDTCH PACCH PTCCH
Mode 3 PDTCH PACCH PTCCH
PCCCH = PPCH + PRACH + PAGCH + PNCH
Service Volume
When GPRS traffic is not intense, GPRS and circuit traffic
generally share BCCH and CCCH in cells. In this case, mode 3 is

needed.
With the accumulation of traffic

Packet common channel is needed to be configured in the cell.
Channel combination is either mode 1 or mode 2.
MS Multi-slot Class
Concept of MS multi-slot class

Element: maximum receiving TSL number (DL TS), maximum
transmission TSL number (UL TS), and maximum TSL number

Definition level 1-29. multi-slot class get boosted as level mounts
Factors affecting MS multi-slot class

Whether transmit and receive can be done simultaneously
Time for MS to make adjacent measurement, transceiver
transmission and reception preparation

Frequency hopping affecting time range
Target market thinning
BSS should make best resource allocation according to MS multislot class, Qos requested and current resource allocation
condition.
MS Mobile Capability Series
A series
Can attach GPRS network and GSM network simultaneously
and PS and CS traffic can be conducted simultaneously.
B series
Can attach GPRS network and GSM network simultaneously
and PS and CS traffic can be conducted simultaneously.
C series
Cant attach GPRS network and GSM network simultaneously.
Select either PS traffic or CS traffic to conduct and unselected

traffic is in disconnected state.
Logical Channels Mapping

52 TDMA Frames
B0
B1
B2
B3
B4
B5
B6
RLC Block
B7
B8
B9
B10
B11
T = PTCCH,
I= Idle frame
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
B0 - B11 = Radio blocks
TDMA frame
Except PRACH and PTCCH/U, the unit of logical channels is Block with the
occupancy sequence is B0, B6, B3, B9, B1, B7, B4, B10, B2, B8, B5, B11.
52 Multiframe Description
PDCH frame organization

One 52 multi-frame includes 12 radio blocks
In circuit domain, one TDMA frame is divided into 8 TSL
TSL assigned to GPRS is PDCH
Multiple TSL can constitute one PDCH group, each including 8 TSL at
most.
Basic unit of radio resource allocation and radio transferring is BLOCK.
One BLOCK includes 4 TDMA frame which is the smallest unit of user
occupancy.
Surplus 4 burst is used for measuring and reporting TA
Multiple users scramble for these blocks, in this way the goal of packet
share is achieved.
CS Coding Scheme
RLC / MAC layer
RLC Data
RLC / MAC header
BCS
Radio block
Convolutional coding
Puncturing
456 bits
Physical layer
4 bursts
Coding scheme
CS-1
CS-2
CS-3
CS-4
Code rate
1/2
~ 2/3
~ 3/4
1
Radio block excl. BCS

184
274
318
440
BCS
40
16
16
16
Tail Coded bits Punctured bits

4
456
0
4
588
132
4
676
220
456
0
Bit rate
9.05 kbit/s
13,4 kbit/s
15,6 kbit/s
21,4 kbit/s
CS Coding Scheme
GPRS defines four channel coding mode from CS-1 to CS-4

Data rate is 9.05 Kbps, 13.4 Kbps, 15.6 Kbps 21.4 Kbps accordingly.
Channel coding of CS-1 is the same with that of SDCCH. C/I of CS-1
and CS-2 is the same with that of voice service with the coverage of
90 100 C/I of CS-3 is higher C/I of CS-4 is much higher
and favorable radio environment are required.
Network will adjust channel coding mode based on real-time

monitoring of radio transmission
Different TSL can select different channel coding mode
When the quality radio transmission is good, its necessary to use more
efficient coding mode.
PDTCH Allocation
Concepts
USF
Control different MS to reuse Blocks on PDCH UL. USF is used in dynamic

and extensible media access mode. On PCCCH, one USF is used to
mark PRACH(USF equals to idle) , the remaining is left to 7 MS. (USF =
R1/R2 R7
TBF
TBF is physical link used by RR identity to transmit LLC PDU

unidirectionally on PDCH. Its RR allocated on one or more PDCH on
which RLC & MAC blocks carrying one or more LLC PDU are transmitted.
TFI
Each TBF is assigned one TFI, and its possible to use one TFI in different
directions. TFI assignment before LLC frame transmission. RLC & MAC
related to one specified TBF must include one TFI.
PDTCH Assignment
GPRS and GSM share the same air interface channel

Three modes of RR assignment are:
static assignment
dynamic assignment
extend dynamic assignment mode
PDTCH Assignment
GPRS
user 1
GPRS
user 2
GPRS
user 3
GPRS
user 5
GPRS
user 4
Speech
call 1
TS0
TS1
CS
PS
Idle
GPRS
user 6
Speech
call 2
TS2
TS3
TS4
TS5
PS
PS
CS
CS
Speech
call 3
TS6
PS
TS7
CS
PDTCH Assignment
7
P2
P1
P3
P3
P3
P3
P3
P3
P3
6
5
P2
P1
P3
P4
P4
P5
C8
C8
C8
P1
P1
P1
P4
P4
P5
C9
C9
C9
P1
P1
P1
P1
P5
P5
P5
P5
P5
3
2
C4
P1
P1
P1
P1
P1
P1
C10
C10
C3
C3
C3
C3
C3
C3
C3
C3
C3
C2
C2
C2
C6
C6
C6
C6
C6
P1
C1
C1
C5
C5
C5
P5
C7
C7
C7
P : packet channel
C: voice channel
Time
PDTCH Assignment
Reason to use static PDCH

Ensure that GPRS MS in the cell is on line
Ensure Qos of GPRS service
Reason to use dynamic PDCH

GPRS and GSM share radio resource
consider the best utility of radio resource with voice traffic as the
top priority
The ratio of PS traffic and Cs traffic in one cell always changes
Dynamic PDCH is unusable
Packet Data Transmission

25
Typical urban area with moving speed at 3 kil per hour

20
15
CS1
CS2
CS3
CS4
10
0
0
12
C/I(dB)
16
20
24

B0
B1
B2
B3
B4
B5
B6
B7
B8
B9
B10 B11
B0
B1
B2
B3
B4
B5
B6
B7
B8
B9
B10 B11
B0
B1
B2
B3
B4
B5
B6
B7
B8
B9
B10 B11
MS1
MS2
MS3
One PDCH can be used by multiple MS While one MS can use multiple PDCH.

IP
N-PDU
SNDCP
SN-DATA PDUs
LLC
LLC Frames
RLC
MAC
GSM RF
RLC Blocks
RLC/MAC Blocks
TDMA Bursts
Each IP package can be divided into blocks on one or more SNDCP layer.
each SNDCP PDU is mapped to one LLC layer.
LLC Frame shall be transferred into many RLC Block.
RLC Block together with MAC header are sent into air by 4 bursts.

RLC Blocks
RLC/MAC Blocks
TDMA Bursts
7 0
7 0
7 0
TDMA frame = 4.615 ms

= BURST PERIOD
4 x TDMA Frames = 4 Bursts = 1RLC block ~ 20 ms
Content
GPRS mobility management
Mobility Management Concepts & Procedures
Specified Procedures of Mobility Management

Attach & detach
Periodic location upgrading & router area upgrading
Normal area location upgrading & router area upgrading
Unified Procedures of Mobility Management

authentication
P-TMSI reallocation
ID identifier
Connection Management Procedures of Mobility

Management
Establishment of connection and release
Major Function of Mobility Management
General Function
GPRS attach: establish MM context and MM state changes to be ready
GPRS detach: delete MM context and MM state changes to be idle
(either MS or network initiates)

Security function includes authentication, encrypt and identifier verification
etc.
Location management include normal or periodical router area upgrading
and cell upgrading
Network Function
Work with HLR to erase GMM context.
User data management
MS class mark handling
Work with MSC/VLR for united location upgrading and united paging etc.
GMM Status Migration Model
GMM State Transit
GMM State
Idle: GMM context isnt established and MS is unavailable
Standby: GMM context has been established and MS can receive
paging but not transfer data; router area at which MS located

Ready: MS can transfer data and cell in which MS belongs to
GMM context
MS flag
GMM state
location information of MS (router area flag and cell flag)
Serving SGSG location and VLR serial number (MS only)
Encryption algorithm and authentication parameter
GMM Status migration
Idle (Idle)
When GPRS is in Idle state, GMM is not activated by the user.
Theres no effective location information or router information

concerning this user in MS and SGSN environment. In this
case MM is not supported.
Under this circumstances, MS makes selection and
reselection of PLMN and GPRS. Establish MM environment in
MS and SGSN by activating GPRS function.
GMM Status Migration
Standby
In standby state, IMSI of the user in MM environment has been

created in MS and SGSN, and MS can receive paging message
but not to send packet data. In SGSN, if it receives response to
paging from MS , MM state migrates to Ready. And MM state of
MS will return to Ready when data or signaling transmit from MS.
Accordingly when SGSN gets data and signaling from MS, MM
state will migrate to Ready.
MS can process GRPS detach function to enter Idle state.
When Ready state timer times out
SGSN know router information of MS
MS can receive paging information
MS can have router upgrading
GMM Status Migration
Ready
In this state, information of cells in which MS belongs to can be

found in SGSN MM environment, and MS can transceive PTP
PDU. Ready state is monitored by a counter and MM environment
will migrate from Ready to Standby. MS can invoke GPRS traffic
detach function to realize the migration from Ready to Idle.
When GPRS attach is completed
SGSN know CELL ID of MS
MS can transceive PTP data
MS can have cell upgrading function
GPRS Attach Procedure

MS
BSS
new SGSN
old SGSN
GGSN
EIR
new
MSC/VLR
HLR
old
MSC/VLR
1. Attach Request
2. Identification Request
2. Identification Response
3. Identity Request
3. Identity Response
4. Authentication
5. IMEI Check
6a. Update Location
6b. Cancel Location
6c. Cancel Location Ack
6d. Insert Subscriber Data
6e. Insert Subscriber Data Ack
6f. Update Location Ack
7a. Location Update Request
7b. Update Location
7c. Cancel Location
7d. Cancel Location Ack
7e. Insert Subscriber Data
7f. Insert Subscriber Data Ack
7g. Update Location Ack
7h. Location Update Accept
8. Attach Accept
9. Attach Complete
10. TMSI Reallocation Complete
GMM Authentication Procedures

MS
BSS
SGSN
HLR
1. Send Authentication Info

1. Send Authentication Info Ack
2. Authentication and Ciphering Request
GMM authentication
procedure
2. Authentication and Ciphering Response
MS
BSS
SGSN
EIR
Identity Request
GMM Identifier
verification
Identity Response
Check IMEI
Check IMEI Ack
Detach Signaling Procedures

MS
BSS
SGSN
GGSN
MSC/VLR
MS
1. Detach Request
BSS
SGSN
GGSN
MSC/VLR
1. Detach Request
2. Delete PDP Context Request
2. Delete PDP Context Response

3. IMSI Detach Indication
3. GPRS Detach Indication
4. Detach Accept
5. Detach Accept
SGSN originate
MS originate
MS
BSS
SGSN
GGSN
HLR
1. Cancel Location
2. Detach Request
5. Detach Request
6. Cancel Location Ack
HLR originate
MSC/VLR
Location Management
Cell update: cell identifier changes and router identity

unchanged
Router area update: router area identity changes

Router area update in SGSN
router update cross-SGSN
United update of router area & location area

United RA/LA update in SGSN
RA/LA update cross-SGSN
Periodic location update
Router Area Update Procedure (Intra SGSN)
MS
BSS
1. Routing Area Update Request

2. Security Functions
3. Routing Area Update Accept
4. Routing Area Update Complete
SGSN
Router Area Update Procedures (Inter

SGSN)
MS
BSS
new SGSN
old SGSN
GGSN
1. Routing Area Update Request

2. SGSN Context Request
2. SGSN Context Response
3. Forward Packets
5. Update PDP Context
Request
5. Update PDP Context Response
6. Update Location
7. Cancel Location
8. Insert Subscriber Data
8. Insert Subscriber Data Ack
9. Update Location Ack
10. Location Updating Request
10. Location Updating Accept
11. Routing Area Update Accept
12. Routing Area Update Complete
HLR
MSC/VLR
United Location Update Procedure

MS
BSS
new SGSN
old SGSN
GGSN
new
MSC/VLR
HLR
old
MSC/VLR
1. Routeing Area Update Request

2. SGSN Context Request
2. SGSN Context Response
4. SGSN Context Acknowledge
5. Forward Packets
6. Update PDP Context Request
6. Update PDP Context Response
7. Update Location
8. Cancel Location
9. Insert Subscriber Data
9. Insert Subscriber Data Ack
10. Update Location Ack
11. Location Update Request
12a. Update Location
12b. Cancel Location
12c. Cancel Location Ack
12d. Insert Subscriber Data
12e. Insert Subscriber Data Ack
12f. Update Location Ack
13. Location Update Accept
14. Routeing Area Update Accept
15. Routeing Area Update Complete
16. TMSI Reallocation Complete
Cell Update Procedures
1.
1.
RA1
From one cell to

another in the
same RAC
BSC
1. Send LLC PDU
SGSN
Content
GPRS session management
SM Concept
There is one or multiple PDP address in GPRS authentication

data with each PDP address corresponding to one PDP context
SM management entity: SGSN,GGSN, MS
PDP content:
PDP type, address (dynamic and static) and status
APN
NSAPI
Activated and inactivated
Exclusive correlation between PDP context and MM context
PDP Context Status Migration
INACTIVE
Activate PDP
Context
Deactivate PDP Context

or
MM state change to IDLE
or PMM-DETACHED
ACTIVE
Function of SM Management
PDP context activation: either MS or network originates this function

and PDP context status migrates to ACTIVE
Authentication
SGSN gets GGSN address through analysis of APN
QoS negotiation, address assignment and start charging etc.
PDP context modification

Execute this process when some parameters (serving SGSN, Qos) in
PDP context need to be changed.
PDP context deactivation

Either MS or network originates and PDP context status migrates to
INACTIVE
Delete PDP context
Retrieve dynamic PDP address
PDP Activation Process MS Originate

MS
SGSN
GGSN
1. Activate PDP Context Request
MS originate
3. Create PDP Context Request
3. Create PDP Context
Response
4. Activate PDP Context Accept
MS
SGSN
HLR
GGSN
1. PDP PDU
2. Send Routeing Info for GPRS

2. Send Routeing Info for GPRS Ack
3. PDU Notification Request
3. PDU Notification Response
4. Request PDP Context Activation
5. PDP Context Activation procedure
Network
originate
PDP Context Deactivation

MS
SGSN
GGSN
1. Deactivate PDP Context Request

MS originate

4. Deactivate PDP Context Accept
MS
SGSN
GGSN

2. Deactivate PDP Context Request
2. Deactivate PDP Context Accept
GGSN originate
PDP Context Activation Scene - 1
request to SGSN
HLR
BTS
BSC
SS7
1.
MS sends PDP activation
SGSN verify user data

APN
SGSN
DNS
GPRS
Core
Network
Access
Point
Intranet
GGSN
Internet
dynamic & static IP address
BTS
SGSN gets GGSN address from DNS

SGSN sends setup PDP context
request to GGSN
BSC
SGSN
1.
2.
GPRS
Core
Network
DNS
Access
Point
Intranet
GGSN
Internet
External data network wanted by APN identity user
Dynamic address is assigned by GGSN interior IP

address pool or exterior DHCP server
BTS
BSC
GGSN returns establish PDP context response to

SGSN
2.
SGSN
SGSN return activate PDP context to MS
SGSN can establish router between MS and GGSN
GPRS
Core
Network
GGSN
Intranet
1.
Internet
Content
GPRS data transfer process
UL TBF Access
TBF establishment process on the following channels
CCCH
PCCCH
PACCH
Access Mode
ONE PHASE
means network assigns adequate resource one time upon network

receiving channel request.
TWO PHASE
means network assigns single RLC & MAC block the first time and assign
corresponding RR upon MSs specific request.
CCCH One-phase Access

MS
Network
Packet Channel Request
Packet Immediate Assignment
Uplink Data (TLLI)
Uplink Data (TLLI)
Uplink Data (TLLI)
......
Packet Uplink Ack/Nack
Uplink Data
PRACH or RACH
PAGCH or AGCH
PDTCH
PDTCH
PDTCH
PACCH
PDTCH
CCCH Two-phase Access
MS
Network
Packet Resource Request
Packet Resource Assignment
Uplink Data
Uplink Data
PRACH or RACH
PAGCH or AGCH
PACCH
PACCH
PDTCH
PDTCH
GPRS UL Data Transfer

MS
BSS
SGSN
Access and Assignment

PDTCH
Data Block
PDTCH
Data Block
PDTCH
Data Block (last in send window)
PACCH
Packet Uplink Ack/Nack
PDTCH
Data Block
PDTCH
Data Block
PACCH
Packet Uplink Assignment
PACCH
Data Block
PDTCH
Data Block (last)
PACCH
final Packet Ack/Nack
LLC PDU
GPRS Paging
Network
MS
Packet Paging Request
Packet Paging Response (LLC frame)
PPCH or PCH
PRACH or RACH
PAGCH or AGCH
PACCH
GPRS DL Data Transfer

MS
AGCH
PACCH
PDTCH
PDTCH
PDTCH
PACCH
PDTCH
PDTCH
PACCH
PDTCH
PACCH
PACCH
Network
Immediate Assignment
Packet Downlink Assignment
Data Block
Data Block
Data Block (polling)
Packet Downlink Ack/Nack
Data Block
Data Block
Packet Downlink Assignment
Data Block
Data Block (last, polling)
final Packet Ack/Nack
LLC PDU
SGSN
Obtain TA in GPRS Data Transferring
TA Initialization
Initial TA value isnt contained in Immediate Assignment message,
indicating UL data transmission will not be conducted before TA

value is gotten from TA update
System sends Packet Polling Message requesting MS to send
access burst for computing of initial TA value

Use default TA value as initial TA for cell radius is not great.
Continuous TA update
Update once every 8x52multi-frame (1920ms, approximately 2
second)
Continously TA Update Process

TAI
Uplink:
Downlink: TA message 1
416 TDMA frames

26 TDMA frames
6
TA message 2
10
11
TA message 3
12
13
14
15
TA message 4
Idle frame
For UL & DL data transferring, TAI will be gotten upon getting

PDCH. TAI is from 0 to 15 and indicates 16 idle frame location
of constant 8*52 multi-frame.
On UL channel, MS sends access burst on Idle frame assigned

by specified TAI. On DL, corresponding idle frame sends TA
Message.
Power Control in GPRS Transferring Process
MS UL transmission power formula power unit is dBM

P = min(0 - CH - * (C + 48), PMAX)
CH is power control parameter constant through control message from

network to MS related to MS and channels,
0 is a constant and the value is 39dBm in the case GSM900 and 36dBm
in the case of DCS1800
is notified to MS by control message of BCCH or RLC , and is a

weighting factor of receiving factor when MS computing TxPwr with the
value of 0~1.
C standardized value of MS receiving signaling level.
PMAX is maximum transmission power allowed in cell and the value is

GPRS_MS_TXPWR_MAX_CCH when PBCCH exists otherwise it is
MS_TXPWR_MAX_CCH
Graph of GPRS Data Transmission
BSC BTS
BTS BSC
SGSN
Inter-PLMN
Backbone
Network
SGSN
BG
HPLMN
Intra-PLMN
Backbone
Network
GGSN
BG
Intra-PLMN
Backbone
Network
GGSN
VPLMN
Server
Data
Network
Content
Concept of GPRS & EDGE
GPRS = General Packet Radio System
EGPRS = GPRS + EDGE modulation
EDGE = Enhanced Data rates for Global Evolution
Channel Coding of GPRS& EDGE
GPRS Evolution
According to tradition, GSM-GPRS-EDGE-WCDMA is the

right path from GSM to 3G. But in GSA case, EDGE
parallels WCDMA. i.e the roll of EDGE changes in
evolution from one stop to the destination. According to
the definition of 3G set by ITU, 384kbps is the criterion of
3G. Theoretically EDGE rate reaches 473.6kbps, So for
small or middle sized operators without 3G license, EDGE
is their destination.
GPRS Evolution

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GPRS Basic Principle

GSM P&O Department

GPRS network overview

GPRS General Packet Radio Service

Packet switch is most efficient way of using

GPRS = mobile + IP, which is the

GPRS network overview

Production & Evolution of GPRS

GPRS Production & Evolution

previous GSM circuit switch system for fulfilling users demand as to

functional entities based on previous GSM network. Newly-added

GPRS network overview

GSM voice and GPRS data service share RR dynamically.

MS has various mapping relationships with channels.

One MS can has multiple data sessions simultaneously.

Coding mode: CS-1 CS-4 data rate 9.05 171.2kbit/s

Charge fees based on data quantity.

GPRS network overview

PTM GPRS provide in the second phase

GPRS network overview

GPRS network overview

GPRS service & existing service

Relationship with GSM SMS service

Relationship with circuit switch service

three network working mode

three kinds of terminals

conditions in which two services are applied

GPRS network overview

GPRS System Message

GPRS network overview

GPRS Network Infrastructure

GPRS network overview

DL PDU at LLC divided into

Radio resource management function

Channel access control function

RLC data block

such as access request and

UL RLC data block

recomposed into PDU at LLC

PDCH UL & DL ARQ protocol

Allocate UL & DL radio resource

Radio channel management

GPRS network overview

Logical Link Management

User Info Management

Path and Tunnel Transferring

GPRS network overview

Dynamic allocate IP address

Mobility and session

GPRS network overview

GPRS subscriber subscription data

GMM or router selection information upgrading and

user tracing (optional)

GPRS network overview

MSC/VLR additional function

SGSN connection with MSC by Gs interface (Gs interface

Enhance radio resource utilizing rate

GPRS network overview

GPRS Support SMS

SGSN connects with SMSC via Gd interface to send SMS

SMS service effect on voice service

operator can choose to transmit SMS either by MSC or

GPRS network overview